{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2313075337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2230003","title":"Discrete frequency infrared imaging using quantum cascade lasers for biological tissue analysis","display_name":"Discrete frequency infrared imaging using quantum cascade lasers for biological tissue analysis","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2313075337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2230003","mag":"2313075337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2230003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2230003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2230003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065087660","display_name":"Kevin L. Yeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-7483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-7483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023245938","display_name":"Rohit Bhargava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-994X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-994X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit Bhargava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94495413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9704","issue":null,"first_page":"970406","last_page":"970406"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.04690000042319298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cascade-laser","display_name":"quantum cascade lasers","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-spectroscopic-imaging","display_name":"infrared spectroscopic imaging","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-tissue","display_name":"lung tissue","score":0.7390000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407411","display_name":"Quantum cascade laser","level":3,"score":0.702019989490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6115849614143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.574633002281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.5455060601234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5395978689193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.4978964328765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779884411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914995","display_name":"Biological imaging","level":3,"score":0.49649983644485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67649825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","display_name":"Microscope","level":2,"score":0.488484263420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4447333812713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136009344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336201","display_name":"Confocal","level":2,"score":0.42273083329200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3232514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575196","display_name":"Spectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.4199824333190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.40879523754119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32367753982543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2718508243560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.11676624417304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08931788802146912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2230003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2230003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2230003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986042279","https://openalex.org/W1987389391","https://openalex.org/W1987955706","https://openalex.org/W1989773587","https://openalex.org/W1989931540","https://openalex.org/W2002769882","https://openalex.org/W2009181584","https://openalex.org/W2011055829","https://openalex.org/W2024971501","https://openalex.org/W2034901710","https://openalex.org/W2038641524","https://openalex.org/W2053397269","https://openalex.org/W2055644700","https://openalex.org/W2057890883","https://openalex.org/W2060719207","https://openalex.org/W2068358722","https://openalex.org/W2119106121","https://openalex.org/W2129285756","https://openalex.org/W2130379367","https://openalex.org/W2172422019","https://openalex.org/W2227496933","https://openalex.org/W2760612424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6990555293","https://openalex.org/W1989931540","https://openalex.org/W3135353062","https://openalex.org/W2593156363","https://openalex.org/W1989773587","https://openalex.org/W2276025746","https://openalex.org/W2752260516","https://openalex.org/W2053397269","https://openalex.org/W2898318951","https://openalex.org/W2907877641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"(IR)":[1],"spectroscopic":[2],"imaging":[3,67],"is":[4],"an":[5,16],"emerging":[6],"modality":[7],"for":[8,18,34],"biological":[9],"tissue":[10],"analysis":[11],"that":[12],"has":[13],"traditionally":[14],"employed":[15],"interferometer":[17],"spectral":[19,70],"discrimination.":[20],"Recent":[21],"technology":[22],"developments":[23],"have":[24],"made":[25],"discrete":[26,80],"frequency":[27,81],"sources,":[28],"both":[29],"lasers":[30,41],"and":[31,63],"filters,":[32],"practical":[33],"imaging.":[35],"The":[36],"use":[37],"of":[38,72,79],"quantum":[39],"cascade":[40],"in":[42,93],"particular,":[43],"presents":[44],"new":[45],"opportunities":[46],"as":[47,49],"well":[48],"challenges.":[50],"Here":[51],"we":[52],"describe":[53],"results":[54],"from":[55],"a":[56],"novel":[57],"point":[58],"scanning":[59],"confocal":[60],"IR":[61],"microscope":[62],"demonstrate":[64],"the":[65,77],"performance":[66],"several":[68],"important":[69],"bands":[71],"lung":[73],"tissue.":[74],"Results":[75],"show":[76],"possibility":[78],"(DF)":[82],"absorbance":[83],"measurements":[84],"with":[85],"RMS":[86],"noise":[87],"levels":[88],"down":[89],"to":[90],"0.34":[91],"mAU":[92],"0.25":[94],"ms.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}