{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2312913236","doi":null,"title":"Hepatitis C Virus persistence, virus and host related factors","display_name":"Hepatitis C Virus persistence, virus and host related factors","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2312913236","mag":"2312913236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.aku.edu:etd_pk_mc_phd-1001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/etd_pk_mc_phd/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196301","display_name":"eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","host_organization_name":"Aga Khan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PhD in Health Sciences","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yasmeen, Anila","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yasmeen, Anila","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11495","display_name":"Animal Virus Infections Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10494","display_name":"Plant Virus Research Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c-virus","display_name":"hepatitis C virus","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-persistence","display_name":"viral persistence","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcv-genotype-3","display_name":"HCV genotype 3","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-untranslated-region","display_name":"5' untranslated region","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-ribosome-entry-site","display_name":"internal ribosome entry site","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon","display_name":"interferon","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ribavirin","display_name":"ribavirin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonresponders","display_name":"non-responders","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-analysis","display_name":"phylogenetic analysis","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation-initiation","display_name":"translation initiation","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocellular-carcinoma","display_name":"hepatocellular carcinoma","score":0.9869999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170389","display_name":"Persistence (discontinuity)","level":2,"score":0.7345130443572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.7212196588516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6386594176292419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.6069979071617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020564189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16963978","display_name":"Host factors","level":3,"score":0.5133723020553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4657958745956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019983190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157661","display_name":"Hepatitis a virus","level":3,"score":0.45294588804244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776408679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q708693","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus","level":3,"score":0.42667242884635925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08180579543113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.aku.edu:etd_pk_mc_phd-1001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/etd_pk_mc_phd/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196301","display_name":"eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","host_organization_name":"Aga Khan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PhD in Health Sciences","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.aku.edu:theses_dissertations-2130","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/theses_dissertations/1115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196301","display_name":"eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","host_organization_name":"Aga Khan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses &amp; Dissertations","raw_type":"thesis"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65999414","https://openalex.org/W72800539","https://openalex.org/W1509190187","https://openalex.org/W1536221234","https://openalex.org/W1555983429","https://openalex.org/W1582747522","https://openalex.org/W1598069444","https://openalex.org/W1952952161","https://openalex.org/W1965776393","https://openalex.org/W1974938982","https://openalex.org/W1981910262","https://openalex.org/W1982964625","https://openalex.org/W1984007630","https://openalex.org/W1986050959","https://openalex.org/W1992484212","https://openalex.org/W1993023565","https://openalex.org/W1994566195","https://openalex.org/W1996400917","https://openalex.org/W1996743123","https://openalex.org/W2001675155","https://openalex.org/W2002240088","https://openalex.org/W2003521386","https://openalex.org/W2004651002","https://openalex.org/W2005350052","https://openalex.org/W2007940608","https://openalex.org/W2008102007","https://openalex.org/W2009652569","https://openalex.org/W2014371615","https://openalex.org/W2027357207","https://openalex.org/W2029892914","https://openalex.org/W2032856926","https://openalex.org/W2034508361","https://openalex.org/W2037646730","https://openalex.org/W2039356532","https://openalex.org/W2043976325","https://openalex.org/W2046178003","https://openalex.org/W2046714103","https://openalex.org/W2053597753","https://openalex.org/W2055219788","https://openalex.org/W2056382301","https://openalex.org/W2060188968","https://openalex.org/W2060617067","https://openalex.org/W2062058597","https://openalex.org/W2068609509","https://openalex.org/W2071150968","https://openalex.org/W2071468584","https://openalex.org/W2072559277","https://openalex.org/W2072570972","https://openalex.org/W2076862430","https://openalex.org/W2077126358","https://openalex.org/W2083676790","https://openalex.org/W2084446925","https://openalex.org/W2088959706","https://openalex.org/W2090645887","https://openalex.org/W2092958774","https://openalex.org/W2095086312","https://openalex.org/W2098840471","https://openalex.org/W2100227035","https://openalex.org/W2106544064","https://openalex.org/W2109124959","https://openalex.org/W2109514681","https://openalex.org/W2110914110","https://openalex.org/W2115281102","https://openalex.org/W2115378878","https://openalex.org/W2120383409","https://openalex.org/W2123545365","https://openalex.org/W2124073571","https://openalex.org/W2128397443","https://openalex.org/W2128967156","https://openalex.org/W2130121394","https://openalex.org/W2130858592","https://openalex.org/W2142091363","https://openalex.org/W2152236936","https://openalex.org/W2153868065","https://openalex.org/W2156457356","https://openalex.org/W2161971016","https://openalex.org/W2315098267","https://openalex.org/W2414602191","https://openalex.org/W4317707522"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7034115769","https://openalex.org/W2171710998","https://openalex.org/W6991341289","https://openalex.org/W2188293143","https://openalex.org/W7044177002","https://openalex.org/W2530189499","https://openalex.org/W2409867470","https://openalex.org/W2044763974","https://openalex.org/W2081108572","https://openalex.org/W2398748659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hepatitis":[0],"C":[1,12],"is":[2,40,59,73,101,263,623,679,793],"a":[3,146,169,178,249,279,343,423,439,484,570,586,630,701,759],"global":[4],"health":[5],"problem":[6],"caused":[7],"by":[8,107,239,363],"infection":[9,25,698,743],"with":[10,45,286,295,558,663,683,734,795],"hepatitis":[11,560],"virus":[13,21,83],"(HCV).":[14],"Most":[15],"patients":[16,284,329,387,557,682,733,851],"fail":[17],"to":[18,29,61,63,80,90,217,270,390,412,479,483,519,536,601,628,739,752,766,786,822],"clear":[19],"the":[20,67,82,93,124,182,194,201,227,231,257,266,348,393,400,403,443,454,469,490,508,520,531,547,550,590,611,664,694,808,824,828],"and":[22,31,55,84,119,132,248,312,365,402,415,450,472,495,505,625,643,652,675,707,726,779,797],"develop":[23],"persistent":[24,742,755,858],"that":[26,51,123,224,464,578,617,715,775],"frequently":[27],"leads":[28],"cirrhosis":[30],"hepato-cellular":[32],"carcinoma":[33],"(HCC).":[34],"The":[35,233,299,562,686,772,838],"only":[36,475],"available":[37],"antiviral":[38,446],"therapy":[39,272,833,848],"interferon":[41],"(lFN)":[42],"in":[43,53,88,103,140,145,181,200,213,220,261,308,342,347,419,448,465,500,527,549,556,567,580,588,595,610,618,626,650,681,716,732,754],"combination":[44,271],"Ribavirin":[46],"(RBV).":[47],"High":[48],"genornic":[49],"variability":[50,199,548],"results":[52,435],"quasi-species":[54],"immune":[56,671,782,799],"escape":[57,749,770,783],"variants":[58,750,784],"supposed":[60],"lead":[62,216],"viral":[64,71,96,532,593,665,710,735,787,791],"persistence.":[65,97,668,788],"However,":[66],"exact":[68],"mechanism":[69],"underlying":[70],"persistence":[72,594],"still":[74],"not":[75,432,661],"clear.":[76],"This":[77,191],"incited":[78],"us":[79],"investigate":[81],"host":[85,516],"related":[86],"factors":[87,518,543],"order":[89],"further":[91,340,830],"unravel":[92],"mechanisrn":[94],"of":[95,110,126,130,137,142,149,156,164,172,187,196,204,230,236,251,273,283,327,335,352,360,381,392,438,445,453,459,467,507,512,515,523,530,552,592,688,697,704,709,724,781,807,845,856],"HCV":[98,205,254,300,460,653,684,722,757],"genotype":[99,255,260,269,287,486],"3":[100,207,288],"prevalent":[102,259],"Pakistan":[104],"as":[105,265,290,388,477,737,801,803,815,818,820],"shown":[106],"RFLP":[108],"analysis":[109,121,176,458],"5'":[111],"UTR,":[112],"but":[113,428],"some":[114],"isolates":[115,208],"remain":[116],"unresolved.":[117],"Sequencing":[118],"phylogenetic":[120],"showed":[122,177,193,330,463,714],"presence":[125,195,349],"additional":[127,162],"restriction":[128],"sites":[129,646,659],"HaeIII":[131],"RsaI":[133],"(that":[134],"cause":[135],"failure":[136],"RFLP)":[138],"resulted":[139],"clustering":[141],"unresolved":[143],"samples":[144],"separate":[147],"branch":[148],"un-rooted":[150],"Neighbor-Joining":[151],"(NJ)":[152],"tree":[153],"(bootstrap":[154],"value":[155,171],"71%).":[157],"Another,":[158],"cluster":[159],"I":[160],"(having":[161],"stretches":[163],"nucleotides)":[165],"was":[166,305,317,367,373,406,431,615,634],"found":[167,212,407,616,636],"at":[168,604,637,744],"bootstrap":[170],"8l%.":[173],"Secondary":[174,456],"structure":[175,457],"major":[179,571],"distortion":[180],"stem":[183,221,501],"loop":[184,222,502],"III":[185,223,506],"d":[186],"5'-":[188,202],"UTR":[189,203],"region.":[190,253],"study":[192,713],"unique":[197],"sequence":[198],"type":[206],"from":[209,322,385],"Pakistan.":[210],"Mutations":[211],"these":[214,657],"sequences":[215,481],"conformational":[218],"changes":[219],"may":[225,584,699],"alter":[226],"translation":[228,234,302,777,805],"initiation":[229,235],"virus.":[232,809],"HCV,":[237],"regulated":[238],"internal":[240],"ribosomal":[241],"entry":[242],"site":[243,633],"(IRES),":[244],"includes":[245],"whole":[246],"5'-UTR":[247],"portion":[250],"core":[252,725],"3,":[256],"most":[258],"Pakistan,":[262],"reported":[264],"best":[267],"responding":[268],"IFN":[274,353,414],"and/or":[275],"RBV.":[276,298,355,413],"Despite":[277],"this,":[278],"high":[280,776],"proportion":[281],"(30%)":[282],"infected":[285,654],"remains":[289],"non-responders":[291],"(NR)":[292],"when":[293,408,417],"treated":[294],"lFN":[296],"plus":[297],"IRES":[301,320,326,337,382,391,521],"efficiency":[303,778,806],"(TE)":[304],"observed":[306,318,374],"both":[307],"SR":[309,323,386,401,480,491],"(sustained":[310],"responders)":[311],"NR":[313,328,394,404,468],"patients.":[314,455,655],"Low":[315],"TE":[316,334,362,380,529],"for":[319,546,564,769,827,843],"derived":[321],"patients,":[324],"whereas":[325],"significantly":[331],"greater":[332,370],"TE.":[333],"different":[336,524],"constructs":[338,383],"were":[339,410,474,497,660,729],"analysed":[341],"cell":[344,720],"culture":[345],"system":[346,800],"or":[350,667],"absence":[351],"and/":[354],"A":[356,369,510],"dose":[357],"dependent":[358],"inhibition":[359],"relative":[361,379,482],"INF-\u03b1":[364,376],"RBV":[366,416],"observed.":[368],"inhibitory":[371],"effect":[372,425,430,444],"after":[375],"addition,":[377],"on":[378,426],"isolated":[384],"compared":[389,478,738],"group,":[395],"however,":[396],"no":[397],"difference":[398],"between":[399,442],"group":[405],"cells":[409,449],"exposed":[411],"given":[418],"combination,":[420],"also":[421,534,544,635,835],"had":[422],"negative":[424],"translation,":[427],"this":[429,629],"synergistic.":[433],"These":[434,810],"are":[436,647],"suggestive":[437],"positive":[440],"correlation":[441],"agents":[447],"clinical":[451],"response":[452,678,692,762],"RNA":[461],"(IRES)":[462],"case":[466],"nucleotide":[470],"substitutions":[471],"insertions":[473,496],"few":[476],"reference":[485],"3a":[487],"strain.":[488],"In":[489,789],"samples,":[492],"substitutions,":[493],"deletions":[494],"mainly":[498],"clustered":[499],"I,":[503],"II":[504],"5'-UTR.":[509],"possibility":[511],"differential":[513],"binding":[514],"cellular":[517,670],"regions":[522,728],"sequences,":[525],"resulting":[526],"varied":[528],"polyprotein":[533],"seems":[535],"be":[537,700,764,813,836,841],"an":[538,853],"obvious":[539],"affect.":[540],"Host":[541,669],"genetic":[542,572],"account":[545],"rate":[551],"disease":[553,705],"progression":[554,591],"seen":[555],"chronic":[559,596,756,859],"C.":[561],"capacity":[563],"cytokine":[565,582],"production":[566],"individuals":[568],"has":[569,575,607],"component.":[573],"It":[574,614],"been":[576,608],"suggested":[577,774],"polymorphism":[579],"pro-inflammatory":[581],"genes":[583],"have":[585],"role":[587],"determining":[589],"HCV.IFN-\u03b3":[597],"polimorphism":[598],"i.e.":[599],"G":[600,621,641],"T":[602,719],"transition":[603],"-I79":[605],"position":[606],"focused":[609],"present":[612,624],"study.":[613],"our":[619],"population":[620],"allele":[622,642],"addition":[627],"new":[631,644],"polymorphic":[632,645,658],"-35":[638],"position.":[639],"Both":[640],"equally":[648],"distributed":[649],"controls":[651],"Moreover,":[656],"associated":[662,794],"clearance":[666,736,792],"defense,":[672],"including":[673],"CD4+":[674],"CD8+":[676,718],"T-cell":[677,691],"activated":[680],"infection.":[685],"intensity":[687],"intra-hepatic":[689,717],"CDS+":[690],"during":[693],"early":[695],"stages":[696],"critical":[702],"determinant":[703],"resolution":[706],"control":[708],"replication.":[711],"Present":[712],"assay":[721],"epitopes":[723],"NS3":[727],"more":[730,831,846],"reactive":[731],"those":[740,850],"having":[741,852],"pre-treatment":[745],"level.":[746],"Since":[747],"CTL":[748,761],"seem":[751],"occur":[753],"infection,":[758],"multi-specific":[760],"must":[763],"induced":[765],"avoid":[767],"selecting":[768],"variants.":[771],"findings":[773,811,839],"generation":[780],"cads":[785],"contrast,":[790],"effective":[796],"strong":[798],"well":[802,819],"low":[804],"would":[812,840],"beneficial":[814],"pre-diagnostic":[816],"marker":[817],"helpful":[821],"predetermine":[823],"treatment":[825],"strategies":[826],"NR;":[829],"adjuvant":[832],"could":[834],"suggested.":[837],"valuable":[842],"consideration":[844],"aggressive":[847],"towards":[849],"increased":[854],"risk":[855],"developing":[857],"HCV.":[860]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
