{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2312411752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392331.72140.a3","title":"Vertical Gradients of Residential Indoor and Outdoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Black Carbon, Particulate Matter in New York City","display_name":"Vertical Gradients of Residential Indoor and Outdoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Black Carbon, Particulate Matter in New York City","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2312411752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392331.72140.a3","mag":"2312411752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000392331.72140.a3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392331.72140.a3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392331.72140.a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15470582","display_name":"Epidemiology","issn_l":"1044-3983","issn":["1044-3983","1531-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113697747","display_name":"Kyung Hwa Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-6806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-6806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyung Hwa Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083923319","display_name":"Kathleen Moors","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Moors","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016576057","display_name":"Beizhan Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-779X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-779X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152304114","display_name":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2tgs60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beizhan Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014385401","display_name":"Steven N. Chillrud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6685-0401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6685-0401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152304114","display_name":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2tgs60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven N. Chillrud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057454836","display_name":"Patrick L. Kinney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-1003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-1003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick L. Kinney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY","Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054090499","display_name":"Robin M. Whyatt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Whyatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY","Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076411270","display_name":"David Camann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290463931","display_name":"Southwest Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03tghng59","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290463931"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Camann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290463931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052161887","display_name":"Frederica P. Perera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-9250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-9250"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederica P. Perera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY","Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055874543","display_name":"Rachel L. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-3347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-3347","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-905X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel L. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY","Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY","Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, NY; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22712763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"S211","last_page":"S211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.8687000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.8687000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10122","display_name":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","score":0.0778999999165535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11002","display_name":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons","display_name":"polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-carbon","display_name":"black carbon","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-matter","display_name":"particulate matter","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-gradient","display_name":"vertical gradient","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floor-height","display_name":"floor height","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-air-pollution","display_name":"indoor air pollution","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-related-air-pollution","display_name":"traffic-related air pollution","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-exposure","display_name":"children's exposure","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apartment-buildings","display_name":"apartment buildings","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-york-city","display_name":"New York City","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7620142698287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.7591789960861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82685317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510","display_name":"Pollutant","level":2,"score":0.6673793196678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987853052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollutants","level":3,"score":0.498150110244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.40624627470970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3202725648880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1034393310546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0904405415058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000392331.72140.a3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392331.72140.a3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392331.72140.a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15470582","display_name":"Epidemiology","issn_l":"1044-3983","issn":["1044-3983","1531-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7646999955177307}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7400000095367432}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135335122","https://openalex.org/W2048914915","https://openalex.org/W2081705544","https://openalex.org/W2163891660","https://openalex.org/W2065216944","https://openalex.org/W2100540252","https://openalex.org/W2883937858","https://openalex.org/W1983158427","https://openalex.org/W7152993297","https://openalex.org/W2051891045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PP-30-028":[0],"Background/Aims:":[1],"Proximity":[2],"to":[3,203,230],"major":[4],"roadways":[5],"has":[6,26],"been":[7,27],"associated":[8],"with":[9,210],"adverse":[10],"health":[11],"effects.":[12],"However,":[13],"characterization":[14],"of":[15,19,41,47,101,115,180,233],"the":[16,33,37,84,155,158,194,211],"vertical":[17,39],"gradient":[18,40],"traffic-related":[20,87],"air":[21,99,234],"pollutants":[22],"in":[23,112,122,224],"residential":[24,42],"setting":[25],"conducted":[28],"rarely.":[29],"The":[30],"objectives":[31],"were":[32,106,133,139],"following:":[34],"(1)":[35],"characterize":[36],"seasonal":[38],"indoor":[43,96,182,192],"and":[44,62,81,97,104,128,148,151,177,183,198,240],"outdoor":[45,98,160,184],"levels":[46,100,132,232],"polycyclic":[48],"aromatic":[49],"hydrocarbons":[50],"(PAH;":[51],"gas":[52],"+":[53],"particulate":[54,73],"phase;":[55],"dichotomized":[56],"into":[57,141],"\u03a3":[58],"8PAHsemivolatile":[59],"(MW":[60,64],"178\u2013206),":[61],"\u03a38PAHnonvolatile":[63,161,197],"228\u2013278)),":[65],"black":[66],"carbon":[67],"(measured":[68],"as":[69,187],"absorption":[70],"coefficient":[71],"[ABS]),":[72],"matter":[74],"<2.5":[75],"\u03bcm":[76],"(PM2.5)":[77],"by":[78,91,135],"floor":[79,92,136,188,213,238],"height;":[80],"(2)":[82],"assess":[83],"relationships":[85],"between":[86,196],"airborne":[88],"pollutants,":[89,235],"stratified":[90],"height.":[93,137],"Methods:":[94],"Residential":[95],"PAH,":[102],"ABS,":[103],"PM2.5":[105,201],"measured":[107],"over":[108],"a":[109,113],"2-week":[110],"period":[111],"cohort":[114],"5\u20136-year-old":[116],"children":[117,222],"(n":[118],"=":[119],"261)":[120],"living":[121,223],"New":[123],"York":[124],"City's":[125],"Northern":[126],"Manhattan":[127],"Bronx.":[129],"These":[130],"airborne-pollutant":[131],"analyzed":[134],"There":[138],"classified":[140],"3":[142],"groups:":[143],"ground":[144,164,207],"level,":[145],"floors":[146,149,172,175],"2\u20136,":[147],"7":[150,176],"higher.":[152,178],"Results:":[153],"During":[154],"nonheating":[156],"season,":[157,181],"median":[159],"concentration":[162],"at":[163,171,206],"level":[165,208,239],"was":[166],"3\u20134":[167],"times":[168],"higher":[169,212],"than":[170],"2\u20136":[173],"or":[174,200],"Regardless":[179],"ABS":[185,199],"decreases":[186],"height":[189],"increases.":[190],"In":[191],"air,":[193],"correlations":[195],"seem":[202],"be":[204,228],"stronger":[205],"compared":[209],"heights.":[214],"Conclusion:":[215],"Preliminary":[216],"results":[217],"suggest":[218],"that":[219],"young":[220],"inner-city":[221],"apartment":[225],"buildings":[226],"may":[227],"exposed":[229],"different":[231],"depending":[236],"on":[237],"season.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
