{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2309915060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511549731.001","title":"INTRODUCTION","display_name":"INTRODUCTION","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2309915060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511549731.001","mag":"2309915060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511549731.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511549731.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511549731.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Democracy and Development","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125085669","display_name":"Democracy and Development"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059049342","display_name":"Axel Hadenius","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Axel Hadenius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uppsala Universitet, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Uppsala Universitet, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059049342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.5145999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.5145999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.44699999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"democracy","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-transition","display_name":"democratic transition","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy-index","display_name":"democracy index","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-of-democracy","display_name":"democracy measurement","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26643890142440796}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511549731.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511549731.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511549731.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Democracy and Development","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125085669","https://openalex.org/W2209556717","https://openalex.org/W1692994946","https://openalex.org/W4249326798","https://openalex.org/W2941966589","https://openalex.org/W3205663890","https://openalex.org/W1984224069","https://openalex.org/W280167869","https://openalex.org/W2609043048","https://openalex.org/W4237923641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"this":[1,257],"study":[2],"began,":[3],"my":[4],"purpose":[5,258],"was":[6,102,165],"to":[7,28,43,69,107,171,198,223],"execute":[8],"a":[9,133,145,166,224,260],"review":[10],"of":[11,19,77,143,154,174,180,183,195,208,213],"theories":[12],"and":[13,39,74,186],"empirical":[14,52,114,149],"studies":[15,123,242],"concerning":[16],"the":[17,22,30,41,50,56,63,78,96,113,148,155,172,181,184,193,196,210,228,231,235],"requisites":[18],"democracy":[20,202,214],"in":[21,103,125,138,178,234,240],"Third":[23],"World.":[24],"My":[25],"ambitions":[26],"were":[27],"present":[29],"different":[31,220],"explanatory":[32,157],"hypotheses":[33],"which":[34,44],"had":[35,46,124],"been":[36,47,127,217],"put":[37],"forward,":[38],"report":[40],"extent":[42],"these":[45,83],"confirmed":[48],"by":[49,61,219],"extensive":[51],"research":[53,65,115],"done":[54],"on":[55,132,230],"subject.":[57],"In":[58,118,162],"other":[59,139],"words,":[60],"utilizing":[62],"available":[64,246],"literature,":[66],"I":[67,85,90],"intended":[68],"produce":[70],"both":[71,177],"an":[72,75],"interpretation":[73],"evaluation":[76],"current":[79],"theories.":[80],"Working":[81],"along":[82],"lines":[84],"soon":[86],"realized,":[87],"however,":[88],"that":[89,215],"would":[91],"not":[92,131],"be":[93,199],"satisfied":[94],"with":[95,169],"outcome.":[97],"For":[98],"several":[99],"reasons,":[100],"it":[101],"many":[104,205,241],"cases":[105],"difficult":[106],"draw":[108],"any":[109],"distinct":[110],"conclusions":[111],"from":[112,245],"at":[116,129,237,254],"hand.":[117],"certain":[119],"interesting":[120],"fields":[121],"no":[122],"reality":[126],"executed;":[128],"least":[130,255],"broader,":[134],"comparative":[135],"scale.":[136],"And":[137],"cases,":[140],"where":[141],"investigations":[142],"such":[144],"kind":[146],"existed,":[147],"indicators":[150,212],"used":[151,218],"as":[152],"measurements":[153],"potentially":[156],"factor":[158],"sometimes":[159],"seemed":[160],"doubtful.":[161],"addition,":[163],"there":[164],"significant":[167],"variation":[168],"respect":[170],"selection":[173],"countries":[175,236],"\u2013":[176,201,203,253,259],"terms":[179],"size":[182],"sample":[185],"its":[187],"geographical":[188],"profile.":[189],"What":[190],"is":[191,239],"more,":[192],"treatment":[194],"issue":[197,238],"explained":[200],"involved":[204],"problems.":[206],"First":[207],"all,":[209],"general":[211],"have":[216],"researchers":[221],"vary":[222],"considerable":[225],"extent.":[226],"Furthermore,":[227],"information":[229],"actual":[232],"circumstances":[233],"taken":[243],"directly":[244],"data":[247],"catalogues":[248],"which,":[249],"when":[250],"examined,":[251],"convey":[252],"for":[256],"most":[261],"unreliable":[262],"impression.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}