{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2308345557","doi":null,"title":"Income growth and democratization--An instrumental-variable approach","display_name":"Income growth and democratization--An instrumental-variable approach","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2308345557","mag":"2308345557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/36971","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/36971","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/36971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/36971","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066443538","display_name":"Ingrid Selle Rasmussen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid Selle Rasmussen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066443538"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.46950000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.46950000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.22679999470710754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.10530000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-growth","display_name":"income growth","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratization","display_name":"democratization","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy-and-economic-growth","display_name":"democracy and economic growth","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-and-democracy","display_name":"income and democracy","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series-persistence","display_name":"time series persistence","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simultaneity","display_name":"simultaneity","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-differences","display_name":"first differences","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.8156695365905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.790530800819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91317487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530412","display_name":"Simultaneity","level":2,"score":0.70709627866745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.6492900848388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6063035726547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5457233786582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49766209721565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4931632876396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4426720440387726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170389","display_name":"Persistence (discontinuity)","level":2,"score":0.42919009923934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41264665126800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.38650426268577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.35000425577163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2615537643432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1313333809375763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13048404455184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10436233878135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09547796845436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/36971","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/36971","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/36971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},{"id":"mag:2308345557","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://havardhegre.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/ingridsrasmussenmathesis.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/36971","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/36971","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/36971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2308345557.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2308345557.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1019700","https://openalex.org/W270474471","https://openalex.org/W588603185","https://openalex.org/W631554777","https://openalex.org/W801187903","https://openalex.org/W1120929527","https://openalex.org/W1495656322","https://openalex.org/W1504998075","https://openalex.org/W1522139711","https://openalex.org/W1533369859","https://openalex.org/W1535643370","https://openalex.org/W1557169708","https://openalex.org/W1557941775","https://openalex.org/W1561140006","https://openalex.org/W1583555941","https://openalex.org/W1595521060","https://openalex.org/W1976386631","https://openalex.org/W1984236899","https://openalex.org/W1985976588","https://openalex.org/W1988922041","https://openalex.org/W1993330971","https://openalex.org/W1995826633","https://openalex.org/W1998484819","https://openalex.org/W1999896322","https://openalex.org/W2000722877","https://openalex.org/W2016382728","https://openalex.org/W2021153199","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2035554302","https://openalex.org/W2040326832","https://openalex.org/W2041887672","https://openalex.org/W2042226937","https://openalex.org/W2045672904","https://openalex.org/W2056840620","https://openalex.org/W2064061280","https://openalex.org/W2065423976","https://openalex.org/W2070631858","https://openalex.org/W2071240032","https://openalex.org/W2073493950","https://openalex.org/W2076313235","https://openalex.org/W2089315655","https://openalex.org/W2091887328","https://openalex.org/W2093585254","https://openalex.org/W2097619746","https://openalex.org/W2112352537","https://openalex.org/W2115817463","https://openalex.org/W2117967215","https://openalex.org/W2119227836","https://openalex.org/W2123219467","https://openalex.org/W2125291718","https://openalex.org/W2125353502","https://openalex.org/W2134186981","https://openalex.org/W2139649522","https://openalex.org/W2147039585","https://openalex.org/W2147194563","https://openalex.org/W2147574293","https://openalex.org/W2150724958","https://openalex.org/W2150823798","https://openalex.org/W2153557264","https://openalex.org/W2156625419","https://openalex.org/W2159363815","https://openalex.org/W2160551229","https://openalex.org/W2164359947","https://openalex.org/W2165252327","https://openalex.org/W2166749687","https://openalex.org/W2168830357","https://openalex.org/W2169223645","https://openalex.org/W2178225550","https://openalex.org/W2185565240","https://openalex.org/W2311896603","https://openalex.org/W2385037219","https://openalex.org/W2505663499","https://openalex.org/W2550071559","https://openalex.org/W2788669993","https://openalex.org/W2988039629","https://openalex.org/W3021593216","https://openalex.org/W3022160407","https://openalex.org/W3022331664","https://openalex.org/W3094521286","https://openalex.org/W3121534672","https://openalex.org/W3122531453","https://openalex.org/W3122806254","https://openalex.org/W3123396310","https://openalex.org/W3123460777","https://openalex.org/W3124131699","https://openalex.org/W3124408334","https://openalex.org/W3124710477","https://openalex.org/W3125241923","https://openalex.org/W3151307774","https://openalex.org/W3152536718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023882337","https://openalex.org/W4416058731","https://openalex.org/W3121534672","https://openalex.org/W3015705613","https://openalex.org/W7100319707","https://openalex.org/W997918191","https://openalex.org/W2025010058","https://openalex.org/W7098584323","https://openalex.org/W2049887266","https://openalex.org/W2151911267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,11,80,144,166],"wide":[2],"agreement":[3],"among":[4],"academics":[5],"and":[6,22,62,96,108,122,159],"policy":[7,186],"makers":[8],"that":[9,57,111,191],"democracy":[10,153],"a":[12,18,134],"universal":[13],"value---it":[14],"brings":[15],"with":[16],"it":[17,175],"more":[19],"secure,":[20],"stable":[21],"prosperous":[23],"society.":[24],"One":[25],"should":[26,193],"therefore":[27,117],"try":[28],"to":[29,81,88,157,200],"identify":[30],"causes":[31],"of":[32,43,71,77,136,150],"democracy.":[33,49],"In":[34],"this":[35,83],"thesis":[36,79],"I":[37,85,116],"study":[38],"the":[39,100,120,147,168],"short":[40],"term":[41],"effect":[42,149],"economic":[44,164],"growth":[45,165],"on":[46,152],"changes":[47,154],"in":[48,99],"A":[50],"quick":[51],"glance":[52],"at":[53],"data":[54,101,121],"tells":[55],"us":[56],"wealthy":[58],"countries":[59,67],"are":[60,68,106,114],"democratic,":[61],"common":[63],"wisdom":[64],"suggests":[65],"these":[66],"democratic":[69],"because":[70],"their":[72],"wealth.":[73],"The":[74,130],"main":[75],"contribution":[76],"my":[78],"question":[82],"view.":[84],"make":[86],"progress":[87],"existing":[89],"literature":[90],"by":[91],"taking":[92],"time":[93,141],"series":[94,142],"persistence":[95,143],"simultaneity":[97],"issues":[98],"into":[102],"account.":[103],"Formal":[104],"tests":[105],"established,":[107],"they":[109,189],"suggest":[110],"both":[112],"problems":[113],"present.":[115],"first":[118],"difference":[119],"use":[123],"an":[124],"instrument":[125],"variable":[126],"approach":[127],"during":[128],"estimation.":[129],"econometric":[131],"framework":[132],"provides":[133],"couple":[135],"interesting":[137],"results.":[138],"First,":[139],"once":[140],"accounted":[145],"for,":[146],"estimated":[148],"income":[151],"from":[155],"positive":[156],"negative":[158],"statistically":[160],"significant.":[161],"Second,":[162],"when":[163,196],"instrumented":[167],"point":[169],"estimate":[170],"drops":[171],"even":[172],"further,":[173],"making":[174],"quantitatively":[176],"important":[177,184],"as":[178,188],"well.":[179],"These":[180],"findings":[181],"might":[182],"be":[183,194],"for":[185],"making,":[187],"imply":[190],"one":[192],"careful":[195],"designing":[197],"money":[198],"transfers":[199],"poor":[201],"countries.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}