{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2307698341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqv019","title":"Gender Difference in American Public Opinion on the Use of Military Force, 1982\u20132013","display_name":"Gender Difference in American Public Opinion on the Use of Military Force, 1982\u20132013","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2307698341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqv019","mag":"2307698341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/isq/sqv019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqv019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqv019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91639875","display_name":"International Studies Quarterly","issn_l":"0020-8833","issn":["0020-8833","1468-2478"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Studies Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028558668","display_name":"Richard C. Eichenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-8272","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-8272"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard C. Eichenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028558668"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"],"apc_list":{"value":4320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4320},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97495522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"1","first_page":"138","last_page":"148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11863","display_name":"Gender, Security, and Conflict","score":0.6445000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11863","display_name":"Gender, Security, and Conflict","score":0.6445000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.11999999731779099,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.0471000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-opinion","display_name":"public opinion","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/use-of-military-force","display_name":"use of military force","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-foreign-policy","display_name":"US foreign policy","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-attitudes","display_name":"women's attitudes","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-casualties","display_name":"war casualties","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanitarian-challenges","display_name":"humanitarian challenges","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq-war","display_name":"Iraq War","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afghanistan-war","display_name":"Afghanistan War","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/libyan-civil-war","display_name":"Libyan civil war","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syrian-civil-war","display_name":"Syrian civil war","score":0.8090000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776515129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306218","display_name":"Redress","level":2,"score":0.8095312118530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.6441155672073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.6067185401916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776729102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971119","display_name":"Use of force","level":3,"score":0.580982506275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.49707701802253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.46583762764930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4566776156425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5530954","display_name":"Gender analysis","level":2,"score":0.41733503341674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3870496451854706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.30718550086021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2999129295349121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09552019834518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/isq/sqv019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqv019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqv019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91639875","display_name":"International Studies Quarterly","issn_l":"0020-8833","issn":["0020-8833","1468-2478"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Studies Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:isq:60/1/138","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://isq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/60/1/138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9937999844551086,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28866446","https://openalex.org/W339303801","https://openalex.org/W349245600","https://openalex.org/W592557066","https://openalex.org/W645974420","https://openalex.org/W646556860","https://openalex.org/W1485358265","https://openalex.org/W1508918762","https://openalex.org/W2018291456","https://openalex.org/W2026348367","https://openalex.org/W2049228636","https://openalex.org/W2057012170","https://openalex.org/W2063966895","https://openalex.org/W2070131919","https://openalex.org/W2070327572","https://openalex.org/W2075632116","https://openalex.org/W2080826664","https://openalex.org/W2084255779","https://openalex.org/W2085574420","https://openalex.org/W2092495965","https://openalex.org/W2097678171","https://openalex.org/W2100053623","https://openalex.org/W2126884088","https://openalex.org/W2131142880","https://openalex.org/W2145180360","https://openalex.org/W2271759448","https://openalex.org/W2315688625","https://openalex.org/W2316477433","https://openalex.org/W2316777442","https://openalex.org/W2473692842","https://openalex.org/W2505837998","https://openalex.org/W4210994823","https://openalex.org/W4212913799","https://openalex.org/W4231212278","https://openalex.org/W4236489976"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W20463158","https://openalex.org/W7099140908","https://openalex.org/W2607650046","https://openalex.org/W2768656383","https://openalex.org/W2070327572","https://openalex.org/W339303801","https://openalex.org/W2625619754","https://openalex.org/W2080826664","https://openalex.org/W2778637612","https://openalex.org/W2082854529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"scholarship":[1],"indicates":[2],"that":[3,107,205],"gender":[4,40,109,127,198],"correlates":[5],"strongly":[6],"with":[7,87,152],"Americans'":[8],"attitudes":[9],"toward":[10],"the":[11,23,29,37,60,65,74,96,124,140,153,179,185,193,230,236],"use":[12,61,75,141],"of":[13,18,25,39,56,62,76,115,120,126,137,142,157,188,235],"military":[14,78,88,121,225],"force.":[15,143,226],"However,":[16],"most":[17,151],"its":[19],"evidence":[20],"derives":[21],"from":[22],"study":[24],"major":[26],"wars,":[27],"and":[28,50,93,103,118,148,155,159,183,197,216,219,232],"field":[30],"needs":[31],"more":[32,162,169],"historical":[33,82,116,175],"research":[34],"to":[35,90,164,171,211],"evaluate":[36],"evolution":[38],"difference":[41,110,128,145],"over":[42],"time.":[43],"I":[44,67,105,203,227],"redress":[45],"these":[46],"limitations":[47],"by":[48],"updating":[49],"extending":[51],"my":[52],"earlier":[53],"(2003)":[54],"analysis":[55],"public":[57],"support":[58,222],"for":[59,223],"force":[63,79],"during":[64,178],"1990s.":[66],"analyze":[68],"965":[69],"individual":[70],"survey":[71],"questions":[72],"concerning":[73],"US":[77],"in":[80,85,99,131,173,181,221],"twenty-four":[81],"episodes,":[83],"beginning":[84],"1982":[86],"aid":[89],"El":[91],"Salvador":[92],"continuing":[94],"through":[95],"recent":[97],"wars":[98,180,194],"Afghanistan,":[100,184],"Iraq,":[101],"Libya,":[102],"Syria.":[104],"find":[106],"substantial":[108,135],"characterizes":[111],"a":[112,134],"large":[113],"number":[114],"episodes":[117],"types":[119],"action.":[122],"Nonetheless,":[123],"magnitude":[125],"varies":[129,150],"substantially;":[130],"many":[132],"cases,":[133,176],"percentage":[136],"women":[138,149,160,220],"supports":[139],"The":[144],"between":[146,215],"men":[147,189,218],"salience":[154],"level":[156],"violence,":[158],"are":[161],"sensitive":[163],"humanitarian":[165],"concerns.":[166],"Women":[167],"display":[168],"sensitivity":[170,187],"casualties":[172],"some":[174],"but":[177],"Iraq":[182],"casualty":[186],"gradually":[190],"increased":[191],"as":[192],"dragged":[195],"on,":[196],"differences":[199,214],"therefore":[200],"decreased.":[201],"Thus,":[202],"argue":[204],"scholars":[206],"should":[207],"turn":[208],"their":[209],"attention":[210],"studying":[212],"individual-level":[213],"among":[217],"using":[224],"also":[228],"discuss":[229],"political":[231],"policy":[233],"implications":[234],"findings.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
