{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2307584574","doi":null,"title":"Aristotle and the Origins of Natural Rights","display_name":"Aristotle and the Origins of Natural Rights","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2307584574","mag":"2307584574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2307584574","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/MILAAT-21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156100525","display_name":"The Review of Metaphysics","issn_l":"0034-6632","issn":["0034-6632","1549-4853","2154-1302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324196259","host_organization_name":"Philosophy Education Society Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324196259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Philosophy Education Society Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0098The \u009creview of metaphysics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111844289","display_name":"Fred Dycus Miller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fred D. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111844289"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44759914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"4","first_page":"873","last_page":"907"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11463","display_name":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11463","display_name":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10718","display_name":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12517","display_name":"Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aristotle","display_name":"Aristotle","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-rights","display_name":"natural rights","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-justice","display_name":"theory of justice","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-rights","display_name":"individual rights","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-justice","display_name":"political justice","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-nature","display_name":"human nature","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"human rights","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-good","display_name":"common good","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-rights","display_name":"theory of rights","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aristotle-s-politics","display_name":"Aristotle's Politics","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-political-thought","display_name":"classical political thought","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-and-community","display_name":"individual and community","score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practical-politics","display_name":"practical politics","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtue-ethics","display_name":"virtue ethics","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicomachean-ethics","display_name":"Nicomachean Ethics","score":0.8389999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6446016430854797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779103253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878070","display_name":"Duty","level":2,"score":0.6388517618179321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.618374764919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.6135500073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777239683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157811","display_name":"Virtue","level":2,"score":0.5862140655517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79841651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179805","display_name":"Political philosophy","level":3,"score":0.5696793794631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.5641366839408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5588955879211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4846952259540558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3871419429779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3640638589859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3417789936065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28844791650772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2307584574","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/MILAAT-21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156100525","display_name":"The Review of Metaphysics","issn_l":"0034-6632","issn":["0034-6632","1549-4853","2154-1302"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324196259","host_organization_name":"Philosophy Education Society Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324196259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Philosophy Education Society Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0098The \u009creview of metaphysics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4301129817","https://openalex.org/W1565914925","https://openalex.org/W110147517","https://openalex.org/W187514631","https://openalex.org/W4214914713","https://openalex.org/W2075547284","https://openalex.org/W7198796282","https://openalex.org/W2043972853","https://openalex.org/W2517599003","https://openalex.org/W252368197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,539],"Nature,":[1],"Justice,":[2],"and":[3,39,47,86,90,109,116,180,195,215,284,293,324,417,435,442,478],"Rights":[4],"in":[5,105,120,165,205,252,271,297,373,421,432,449,457,487,562,588],"Aristotle's":[6,118,187,320,392,433,459],"Politics,":[7],"I":[8,172,181,361,384,493],"attributed":[9],"three":[10],"main":[11],"theses":[12],"to":[13,36,81,136,140,163,234,240,249,262,315,386,412,444,525,530,549,564,569,576,603],"Aristotle:":[14,272],"that":[15,29,40,66,174,511,519,528,544,554,593,615],"a":[16,41,62,72,100,166,183,191,259,316,346,355,446,464,514,582,629,635,638,643,646],"metaphysical":[17,356],"theory":[18,192,217,247,347,357,393],"of":[19,23,26,32,51,69,84,87,111,122,131,148,153,186,193,218,266,287,299,301,307,319,322,340,348,358,371,394,410,415,430,466,485,490,496,507,535,624,640,645,653],"nature":[20],"is":[21,34,56,71,78,98,143,221,226,233,248,256,279,305,352,510,637],"part":[22],"the":[24,30,49,67,82,106,112,132,138,149,154,158,216,264,282,288,291,325,337,365,369,380,389,408,413,427,472,483,488,504,523,533,555,601,650,654],"foundations":[25,339],"political":[27,349,428,451],"philosophy;":[28],"virtue":[31],"justice":[33,194,323,350,395,416,641],"central":[35],"practical":[37],"politics;":[38],"fully":[42],"just":[43],"constitution":[462],"will":[45],"respect":[46],"protect":[48],"rights":[50,70,204,213,219,238,246,270,277,372,403,411,431,480,497,626],"citizens.":[52],"The":[53,198,303],"third":[54],"thesis":[55],"especially":[57],"controversial":[58],"because":[59,311,330],"it":[60,312,331,509],"challenges":[61],"widely":[63],"shared":[64],"view":[65,97],"concept":[68],"modern":[73,276,402,479],"discovery":[74],"(or":[75,419],"innovation)":[76],"which":[77,141,160,189,351,376,391,476,551,605,642],"altogether":[79],"alien":[80],"thought":[83],"Aristotle":[85,151,202,477],"classical":[88],"writers":[89],"thinkers":[91],"generally.":[92],"However,":[93],"this":[94,296,437,622],"currently":[95],"established":[96],"itself":[99,220],"comparatively":[101],"recent":[102],"development.":[103],"Commentators":[104],"nineteenth":[107],"century":[108,114],"much":[110],"twentieth":[113],"translated":[115],"explicated":[117],"Politics":[119],"terms":[121,298],"rights.":[197,467,492,620],"For":[124],"example,":[125,503],"Ernest":[126],"Barker":[127],"observed,":[128],"Plato":[129],"thinks":[130,152],"individual":[133,155,196,289,491],"as":[134,145,156,463,575,581],"bound":[135],"do":[137],"duty":[139],"he":[142,161,294,344],"called":[144],"an":[146],"organ":[147],"State:":[150],"deserving":[157],"right":[232],"ought":[162],"enjoy":[164],"society":[167],"based":[168,353],"on":[169,336,354,475],"(proportionate)":[170],"equality.(1)":[171],"argued":[173],"these":[175],"earlier":[176],"scholars":[177],"were":[178],"correct,":[179],"offered":[182],"philosophical":[184],"reconstruction":[185],"politics":[188,375],"included":[190],"disagreement":[199,210],"over":[200,211],"whether":[201,267,436],"recognized":[203],"some":[206,560],"form":[207],"unavoidably":[208],"involves":[209],"what":[212,508],"are,":[214],"still":[222],"highly":[223],"contested.":[224],"There":[225,571],"no":[227],"consensus":[228],"concerning":[229,368],"how":[230,237,245],"(a)":[231],"be":[235,241,250,579,607,633],"defined,":[236],"are":[239,269,377,547,572],"theoretically":[242],"grounded,":[243],"or":[244,567],"applied":[251],"particular":[253],"circumstances.":[254],"This":[255],"not,":[257],"however,":[258,628],"good":[260],"reason":[261],"dismiss":[263],"issue":[265,304,474],"there":[268],"for":[273,502],"Aristotle,":[274],"like":[275],"theorists,":[278],"concerned":[280],"about":[281],"moral":[283],"legal":[285],"status":[286],"within":[290],"community,":[292],"expresses":[295],"claims":[300],"justice.":[302],"worthy":[306],"study":[308],"not":[309,399],"only":[310,522],"can":[313],"lead":[314],"deeper":[317],"understanding":[318],"conceptions":[321],"common":[326],"good,":[327],"but":[328],"also":[329,573],"may":[332,552,632],"shed":[333],"valuable":[334],"light":[335],"theoretical":[338],"human":[341,359,616],"rights,":[342],"since":[343],"offers":[345],"nature.":[360],"shall":[362],"discuss":[363],"here":[364],"principal":[366],"issues":[367],"place":[370,484],"Aristotles":[374,422],"raised":[378],"by":[379,537,609],"preceding":[381],"essays.(2)":[382],"Section":[383,405,424,453],"seeks":[385],"make":[387],"clear":[388],"features":[390],"shares":[396],"(and":[397],"does":[398],"share)":[400],"with":[401],"theories.":[404],"II":[406],"considers":[407],"relation":[409],"concepts":[414],"merit":[418],"desert)":[420],"theory.":[423,452],"III":[425],"concerns":[426],"dimension":[429],"thought,":[434],"makes":[438],"them":[439],"too":[440],"derivative":[441],"precarious":[443],"play":[445],"serious":[447],"role":[448],"his":[450],"IV":[454],"addresses":[455],"problems":[456],"viewing":[458],"proposed":[460],"best":[461],"regime":[465],"Finally,":[468],"section":[469],"V":[470],"discusses":[471],"fundamental":[473],"theorists":[481],"disagree:":[482],"liberty":[486],"exercise":[489],"Modern":[494],"theories":[495],"take":[498],"varied":[499],"forms.":[500],"Consider,":[501],"opposing":[505],"accounts":[506],"individuals":[512,520,546],"have":[513,521,600,618],"to.":[516],"Libertarians":[517],"maintain":[518],"negative":[526],"liberty,":[527],"is,":[529],"freedom":[531],"from":[532],"initiation":[534],"force":[536],"others.":[538,570],"contrast,":[540],"social":[541],"democrats":[542],"contend":[543],"all":[545,594],"entitled":[548],"welfare,":[550],"require":[553],"government":[556],"use":[557],"coercion":[558],"against":[559,649],"persons":[561,585,596],"order":[563],"provide":[565],"goods":[566],"services":[568],"disagreements":[574],"who":[577],"should":[578],"counted":[580],"rights-holder.":[583],"Many":[584],"(including":[586,597],"those":[587],"various":[589],"religious":[590],"groups)":[591],"hold":[592],"living":[595],"unborn":[598],"babies)":[599],"life,":[604],"would":[606],"violated":[608],"abortion,":[610],"while":[611],"many":[612],"others":[613],"deny":[614],"fetuses":[617],"any":[619],"Through":[621],"din":[623],"discordant":[625],"claims,":[627],"concordant":[630],"theme":[631],"discernible:":[634],"claim":[639],"member":[644],"community":[647],"has":[648],"other":[651],"members":[652],"community.":[655],"\u2026":[656]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}