{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2304373441","doi":null,"title":"Malaria control--two years' use of insecticide-treated bednets compared with insecticide house spraying in KwaZulu-Natal.","display_name":"Malaria control--two years' use of insecticide-treated bednets compared with insecticide house spraying in KwaZulu-Natal.","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2304373441","mag":"2304373441","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11847921"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11847921","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11847921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/9966/1/MALARIA-CONTROL.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071457703","display_name":"Abraham E. P. Mnzava","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A E Mnzava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaria Research Lead Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaria Research Lead Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109041130","display_name":"BRIAN L. SHARP","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B L Sharp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000759827","display_name":"D. Jotham Mthembu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D J Mthembu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038125671","display_name":"DAVID LE SUEUR","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D le Sueur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077790506","display_name":"S.S. Dlamini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S S Dlamini","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049693470","display_name":"Jonathan Gumede","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J K Gumede","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009785333","display_name":"Immo Kleinschmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-9008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-9008"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I Kleinschmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3397,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8441746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":"11","first_page":"978","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12178","display_name":"Bird parasitology and diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-control","display_name":"malaria control","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insecticide-treated-bednets","display_name":"insecticide-treated bednets","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deltamethrin","display_name":"deltamethrin","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-incidence","display_name":"malaria incidence","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kwazulu-natal","display_name":"KwaZulu-Natal","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-vector-control","display_name":"malaria vector control","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8086631298065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.8061255812644958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777553912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422257","display_name":"Deltamethrin","level":3,"score":0.6538244485855103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5570968985557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5162391662597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.42048829793930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.15905943512916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07992666959762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.07961928844451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000336","descriptor_name":"Aerosols","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000336","descriptor_name":"Aerosols","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001512","descriptor_name":"Bedding and Linens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007306","descriptor_name":"Insecticides","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007306","descriptor_name":"Insecticides","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009032","descriptor_name":"Mosquito Control","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009033","descriptor_name":"Culicidae","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012111","descriptor_name":"Residence Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11847921","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11847921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:9966","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/view/creators/eideikle.html>;","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/9966/1/MALARIA-CONTROL.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:2304373441","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11847921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:9966","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/view/creators/eideikle.html>;","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/9966/1/MALARIA-CONTROL.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2304373441.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2304373441.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999523435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025169097","https://openalex.org/W1675474677","https://openalex.org/W3142872330","https://openalex.org/W1976840973","https://openalex.org/W2114999705","https://openalex.org/W2005115040","https://openalex.org/W1558998716","https://openalex.org/W2899830750","https://openalex.org/W2796300413","https://openalex.org/W4236075500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"The":[1,136],"objective":[2],"of":[3,31,81,90,143,197,200,221,254,263],"this":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6,73],"to":[7,45,57,75,105,128,236],"produce":[8],"data":[9,33,250],"indicating":[10],"whether":[11,238],"insecticide-treated":[12,40,107,144],"bednets":[13,41,108,145,217,239],"should":[14,240],"replace":[15,241],"insecticide":[16],"house":[17,46,110,242],"spraying":[18,47,111,243],"as":[19],"a":[20,68,186,207],"malaria":[21,35,62,87,156,211],"control":[22],"method":[23],"in":[24,48,61,85,94,148,159,175,210,213,223,244],"South":[25,245],"Africa.":[26],"We":[27],"report":[28],"2":[29,140],"years":[30],"preliminary":[32],"on":[34,251],"incidence":[36,63,157,212],"comparing":[37],"areas":[38,89,225],"receiving":[39],"and":[42,77,92,150,174,204,218,260],"those":[43],"subjected":[44],"northern":[49],"KwaZulu-Natal.":[50,98],"DESIGN,":[51],"SETTING":[52],"AND":[53,134],"SUBJECTS:":[54],"In":[55,234],"order":[56,235],"measure":[58],"significant":[59,189],"reductions":[60,190],"between":[64,202],"the":[65,86,129,155,198,252,261,264],"two":[66,265],"interventions,":[67],"geographical":[69,82],"information":[70],"system":[71],"(GIS)":[72],"used":[74],"identify":[76],"create":[78],"seven":[79],"pairs":[80],"blocks":[83,100,214],"(areas)":[84],"high-risk":[88],"Ndumu":[91,149],"Makanis":[93],"Ingwavuma":[95],"magisterial":[96],"district,":[97],"Individual":[99],"were":[101,116,126,191],"then":[102],"randomly":[103],"allocated":[104],"either":[106,117],"or":[109,125],"with":[112],"deltamethrin.":[113],"Malaria":[114],"cases":[115],"routinely":[118],"recorded":[119],"by":[120,146,194],"surveillance":[121],"agents":[122],"at":[123],"home":[124],"reported":[127],"nearest":[130],"health":[131],"facility.":[132],"RESULTS":[133],"CONCLUSIONS:":[135],"results":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"years'":[141],"use":[142],"communities":[147],"Makanis,":[151],"KwaZulu-Natal,":[152],"significantly":[153],"reduced":[154],"both":[158],"1997":[160],"(rate":[161],"ratio":[162],"(RR)":[163],"=":[164,172,178,183,227,230],"0.879,":[165],"95%":[166],"confidence":[167],"interval":[168],"(CI)":[169],"0.80-0.95,":[170],"P":[171,182,229],"0.04)":[173],"1998":[176],"(RR":[177],"0.667,":[179],"CI":[180],"0.61-0.72,":[181],"0.0001).":[184],"Using":[185],"t-test,":[187],"these":[188],"further":[192],"confirmed":[193],"an":[195,219],"assessment":[196],"rate":[199],"change":[201],"1996":[203],"1998,":[205],"showing":[206],"16%":[208],"reduction":[209],"using":[215],"treated":[216,255],"increase":[220],"45%":[222],"sprayed":[224],"(t":[226],"2.534,":[228],"0.026":[231],"(12":[232],"df)).":[233],"decide":[237],"Africa,":[246],"we":[247],"need":[248],"more":[249],"efficacy":[253],"bednets,":[256],"their":[257],"long-term":[258],"acceptability":[259],"cost":[262],"interventions.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}