{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2303045007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757491","title":"Fundamental Research at Bell Laboratories: The Discovery of Electron Diffraction","display_name":"Fundamental Research at Bell Laboratories: The Discovery of Electron Diffraction","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2303045007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757491","mag":"2303045007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/27757491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764542519","display_name":"Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences","issn_l":"0073-2672","issn":["0073-2672","2327-7394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038547975","display_name":"Arturo Russo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arturo Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038547975"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34026312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"117","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.6342999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.6342999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.16140000522136688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12445","display_name":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","score":0.13680000603199005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-diffraction","display_name":"electron diffraction","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bell-laboratories","display_name":"Bell Telephone Laboratories","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-physics","display_name":"history of physics","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-research","display_name":"basic research","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-microscopy","display_name":"electron microscopy","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-particle-duality","display_name":"wave-particle duality","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778447006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474","display_name":"Icon","level":2,"score":0.9071605205535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.7265686988830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5902419090270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5433968901634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.38795706629753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3849862217903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/27757491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764542519","display_name":"Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences","issn_l":"0073-2672","issn":["0073-2672","2327-7394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229733198","https://openalex.org/W3043121207","https://openalex.org/W2891458705","https://openalex.org/W3015748984","https://openalex.org/W625930094","https://openalex.org/W2128297338","https://openalex.org/W2087112133","https://openalex.org/W2063413473","https://openalex.org/W6941431496","https://openalex.org/W2325508705"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}