{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2302716474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052874","title":"Combustible cigarettes cost less to use than e-cigarettes: global evidence and tax policy implications","display_name":"Combustible cigarettes cost less to use than e-cigarettes: global evidence and tax policy implications","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2302716474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052874","mag":"2302716474","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27022059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149729710","display_name":"Tobacco Control","issn_l":"0964-4563","issn":["0964-4563","1468-3318"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032482648","display_name":"Alex C Liber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-3906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-3906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288198617","display_name":"American Cancer Society","ror":"https://ror.org/02e463172","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex C Liber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economic and Health Policy Research, Intramural Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","Health Management and Policy Department, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA","Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economic and Health Policy Research, Intramural Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Management and Policy Department, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022507498","display_name":"Jeffrey M. Drope","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-9722","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-9722"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288198617","display_name":"American Cancer Society","ror":"https://ror.org/02e463172","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey M Drope","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economic and Health Policy Research, Intramural Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economic and Health Policy Research, Intramural Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051565878","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Stok\u0142osa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-539X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-539X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288198617","display_name":"American Cancer Society","ror":"https://ror.org/02e463172","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Stoklosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economic and Health Policy Research, Intramural Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economic and Health Policy Research, Intramural Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032482648"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288198617","https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7392,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89115745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"158","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12816","display_name":"Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-cigarettes","display_name":"electronic cigarettes","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustible-cigarettes","display_name":"combustible cigarettes","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-prices","display_name":"cigarette prices","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excise-tax","display_name":"excise tax","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-liquids","display_name":"e-liquids","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-control","display_name":"tobacco control","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778302417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159579","display_name":"Excise","level":2,"score":0.9667744040489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776805697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3445707","display_name":"Tax policy","level":3,"score":0.47987475991249084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8326231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7887147","display_name":"Unit price","level":2,"score":0.47236353158950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.44068247079849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43506383895874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4004107117652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3926811218261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2907833755016327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.09553828835487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551662922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346630","display_name":"Tax reform","level":2,"score":0.08241727948188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072137","descriptor_name":"Vaping","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013660","descriptor_name":"Taxes","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013660","descriptor_name":"Taxes","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062789","descriptor_name":"Tobacco Products","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062789","descriptor_name":"Tobacco Products","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066300","descriptor_name":"Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066300","descriptor_name":"Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149729710","display_name":"Tobacco Control","issn_l":"0964-4563","issn":["0964-4563","1468-3318"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27022059","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27022059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco control","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:tobaccocontrol:26/2/158","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/26/2/158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306095","display_name":"American Cancer Society","ror":"https://ror.org/02e463172"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W858141986","https://openalex.org/W1140033476","https://openalex.org/W1791409220","https://openalex.org/W2004114967","https://openalex.org/W2031348019","https://openalex.org/W2075395570","https://openalex.org/W2094333691","https://openalex.org/W2116504559","https://openalex.org/W2118534850","https://openalex.org/W2121853742","https://openalex.org/W2126706443","https://openalex.org/W2129834677","https://openalex.org/W2137431600","https://openalex.org/W2152966157","https://openalex.org/W2154801650","https://openalex.org/W2161463789","https://openalex.org/W2170129631","https://openalex.org/W2189794037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2791831919","https://openalex.org/W4403775305","https://openalex.org/W6885115781","https://openalex.org/W3008212934","https://openalex.org/W2899475442","https://openalex.org/W7154018242","https://openalex.org/W7124565596","https://openalex.org/W2340334042","https://openalex.org/W4412173926","https://openalex.org/W4386215649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Some":[1],"scholars":[2],"suggest":[3],"that":[4],"price":[5,51,67,77,172,178],"differences":[6],"between":[7],"combustible":[8,18,43,54,79,92,120,152,174],"cigarettes":[9,85,93,175],"and":[10,27,83],"e-cigarettes":[11,33,60,82,98,112,145,159],"could":[12,23],"be":[13],"effective":[14],"in":[15,30,99,103,110],"moving":[16],"current":[17],"smokers":[19],"to":[20,37,125,135,139,157],"e-cigarettes,":[21],"which":[22],"reduce":[24],"tobacco-related":[25],"death":[26],"disease.":[28],"Currently,":[29],"most":[31],"jurisdictions,":[32],"are":[34,146],"not":[35],"subject":[36],"the":[38,47,76,104,107,122,171,177],"same":[39],"excise":[40,168],"taxes":[41],"as":[42],"cigarettes,":[44,80,121],"potentially":[45],"providing":[46],"category":[48],"with":[49],"a":[50,66,71,127,131],"advantage":[52,62],"over":[53],"cigarettes.":[55,153],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"tests":[58],"whether":[59],"tax":[61,158],"has":[63],"translated":[64],"into":[65],"advantage.":[68],"METHODS:":[69],"In":[70],"sample":[72],"of":[73,78,91,144,151,173,179],"45":[74],"countries,":[75],"disposable":[81,97],"rechargeable":[84,111,128],"were":[86],"compared.":[87],"RESULTS:":[88],"Comparable":[89],"units":[90],"cost":[94,114,124,133],"less":[95,115,160],"than":[96,119,150,161],"almost":[100],"every":[101],"country":[102],"sample.":[105],"While":[106],"e-liquids":[108],"consumed":[109],"might":[113],"per":[116],"comparable":[117],"unit":[118],"initial":[123],"purchase":[126],"e-cigarette":[129],"presents":[130],"significant":[132],"barrier":[134],"switching":[136],"from":[137],"smoking":[138],"vaping.":[140],"DISCUSSION:":[141],"Existing":[142],"prices":[143],"generally":[147],"much":[148],"higher":[149],"If":[154],"policymakers":[155],"wish":[156],"combustibles,":[162],"forceful":[163],"policy":[164],"action-almost":[165],"certainly":[166],"through":[167],"taxation-must":[169],"raise":[170],"beyond":[176],"using":[180],"e-cigarettes.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}