{"id":"https://openalex.org/W23003277","doi":null,"title":"Food availability, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and dietary patterns among blacks with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","display_name":"Food availability, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and dietary patterns among blacks with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W23003277","mag":"23003277","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19295936","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2654697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:19295936","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19295936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medscape journal of medicine","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2654697/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055016264","display_name":"Rachel A. Millstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-4557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-4557","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-9586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel A Millstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. rmillste@jhsph.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. rmillste@jhsph.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072378317","display_name":"Hsin\u2010Chieh Yeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-0652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-0652"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsin-Chieh Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026104189","display_name":"Frederick L. Brancati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick L Brancati","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060498687","display_name":"Marian L. Batts-Turner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marian Batts-Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027279876","display_name":"Tiffany L. Gary\u2010Webb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1084"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiffany L Gary","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88502642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11610","display_name":"Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations","score":0.3463999927043915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11610","display_name":"Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations","score":0.3463999927043915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.28130000829696655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12873","display_name":"Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior","score":0.1298999935388565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-adults","display_name":"African American adults","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neighborhood-food-environment","display_name":"neighborhood food environment","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-store-availability","display_name":"food store availability","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convenience-stores","display_name":"convenience stores","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neighborhood-socioeconomic-status","display_name":"neighborhood socioeconomic status","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eating-habits","display_name":"dietary habits","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restaurants","display_name":"restaurants","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.763016402721405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6624231338500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6046800017356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5723495483398438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5564148426055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.5370489954948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129230472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767036","display_name":"Food group","level":2,"score":0.5356189012527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777607137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011065","display_name":"Added sugar","level":3,"score":0.5257048010826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5054855346679688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778996794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307204","display_name":"Refined grains","level":3,"score":0.4914618730545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.47652873396873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4337392747402191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.3462862968444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2927408218383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.20424669981002808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.1903597116470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1321573257446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.08040496706962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017554442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938952","display_name":"Whole grains","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000178","qualifier_name":"diet therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005247","descriptor_name":"Feeding Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005502","descriptor_name":"Food","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012111","descriptor_name":"Residence Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014504","descriptor_name":"Urban Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015142","descriptor_name":"Baltimore","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:19295936","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19295936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medscape journal of medicine","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2654697","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2654697/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medscape J Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:23003277","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19295936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2654697","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2654697/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medscape J Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9907000064849854},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8805607164","display_name":"Racial Disparities in Obesity: Role of Culture and Enviornment","funder_award_id":"K01HL084700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G936324098","display_name":"PROJECT SUGAR2: HEALTH EVENTS &COSTS IN DIABETIC BLACKS","funder_award_id":"R01DK048117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173131737","https://openalex.org/W247848872","https://openalex.org/W1583846113","https://openalex.org/W1996583810","https://openalex.org/W2008284335","https://openalex.org/W2018754776","https://openalex.org/W2019959710","https://openalex.org/W2037028267","https://openalex.org/W2041585498","https://openalex.org/W2043783351","https://openalex.org/W2078221724","https://openalex.org/W2083450070","https://openalex.org/W2086508210","https://openalex.org/W2089236555","https://openalex.org/W2090505806","https://openalex.org/W2090895117","https://openalex.org/W2105509134","https://openalex.org/W2117818188","https://openalex.org/W2124041619","https://openalex.org/W2124948806","https://openalex.org/W2133056978","https://openalex.org/W2139954933","https://openalex.org/W2161086857","https://openalex.org/W2163281445","https://openalex.org/W2168005466","https://openalex.org/W2277940926","https://openalex.org/W2916596946","https://openalex.org/W4253874888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7221542890","https://openalex.org/W2402599865","https://openalex.org/W2565320031","https://openalex.org/W2043721519","https://openalex.org/W1536198563","https://openalex.org/W17595229","https://openalex.org/W3083154043","https://openalex.org/W4321610204","https://openalex.org/W2136427313","https://openalex.org/W7097337880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CONTEXT:":[0],"High":[1],"diabetes":[2,89],"prevalence":[3],"among":[4],"low-income":[5,252],"and":[6,26,30,33,55,57,64,75,105,111,125,130,160,164,172,200,215,251],"urban":[7,250],"African":[8],"American":[9],"populations.":[10],"OBJECTIVES":[11],"&":[12,79],"MAIN":[13],"OUTCOME":[14],"MEASURES:":[15],"This":[16],"study":[17],"aimed":[18],"to":[19,143,155,246],"determine":[20],"associations":[21],"between":[22],"neighborhood-level":[23],"food":[24,44,122,127,174,247],"sources":[25],"socioeconomic":[27],"status":[28],"(SES),":[29],"dietary":[31,53,73,99,102,184,225],"patterns":[32,185,226],"body-mass":[34,228],"index":[35],"(BMI).":[36],"The":[37,168,210],"hypotheses":[38],"were":[39,141,153,180,232],"that":[40,58],"the":[41,59,97,134,139,234],"presence":[42,60,169,211],"of":[43,61,170,212],"stores":[45,214],"in":[46,90,177,233,249],"neighborhoods":[47],"would":[48,68],"be":[49,69],"associated":[50,70,181,222],"with":[51,71,86,150,182,223],"better":[52,183],"habits":[54,74],"BMI,":[56],"convenience":[62,119,213],"stores,":[63,118,120,123],"lower":[65,216],"neighborhood":[66,158,217],"SES,":[67],"poorer":[72],"BMI.":[76],"DESIGN,":[77],"SETTING,":[78],"PATIENTS:":[80],"Black":[81],"adults":[82],"(n":[83],"=":[84,191,197,202,206],"132)":[85],"type":[87],"2":[88,93],"Project":[91],"Sugar":[92],"(Baltimore,":[94],"Maryland)":[95],"underwent":[96],"Ammerman":[98],"assessment:":[100],"total":[101],"risk":[103],"score":[104],"subscores":[106],"for":[107,157,161,243],"meat,":[108],"dairy,":[109],"starches,":[110],"added":[112,187],"fat.":[113],"Food":[114],"source":[115],"availability":[116],"(food":[117],"other":[121,126,173],"restaurants,":[124],"service":[128,175],"places)":[129],"SES":[131,163,218],"data":[132],"from":[133],"2000":[135],"US":[136],"census":[137,178],"at":[138],"tract-level":[140],"linked":[142],"individual-level":[144,162],"data.":[145],"Linear":[146],"mixed-effects":[147],"regression":[148],"models":[149],"random":[151],"intercepts":[152],"used":[154],"account":[156],"clustering":[159],"potential":[165],"confounders.":[166],"RESULTS:":[167],"restaurants":[171],"places":[176],"tracts":[179],"(adjusted":[186],"fat":[188],"subscore":[189],"beta":[190,201],"-1.1,":[192],"95%":[193,204],"confidence":[194],"interval":[195],"[CI]":[196],"-1.8,":[198],"-0.4,":[199],"-1.0,":[203],"CI":[205],"-1.7,":[207],"-0.3,":[208],"respectively).":[209],"was":[219],"not":[220],"significantly":[221],"worse":[224],"or":[227],"index,":[229],"although":[230],"trends":[231],"hypothesized":[235],"direction.":[236],"CONCLUSIONS:":[237],"These":[238],"findings":[239],"provide":[240],"some":[241],"evidence":[242],"structural":[244],"improvements":[245],"environments":[248],"black":[253],"neighborhoods.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}