{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2299436693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/860131","title":"Application of Microalloyed Steels to Achieve High Toughness in Hot Forged Components without Further Heat Treatments","display_name":"Application of Microalloyed Steels to Achieve High Toughness in Hot Forged Components without Further Heat Treatments","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2299436693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/860131","mag":"2299436693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4271/860131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/860131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/860131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080622406","display_name":"Hirotada Osuzu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirotada Osuzu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Research Center Nippon Kokan K.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Research Center Nippon Kokan K.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061555806","display_name":"Tetsuo Shiraga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsuo Shiraga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Research Center Nippon Kokan K.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Research Center Nippon Kokan K.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049349481","display_name":"Yukiyasu Shiroi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310099993","display_name":"Mitsubishi Motors (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/016t76z82","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I1310099993"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukiyasu Shiroi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Passenger Car Engineering Center Mitsubishi Motors Co"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Passenger Car Engineering Center Mitsubishi Motors Co","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310099993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yoichi Taniguchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310099993","display_name":"Mitsubishi Motors (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/016t76z82","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I1310099993"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoichi Taniguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Passenger Car Engineering Center Mitsubishi Motors Co"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Passenger Car Engineering Center Mitsubishi Motors Co","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310099993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055774547","display_name":"Keishiro Tsujimura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keishiro Tsujimura","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004267586","display_name":"Hiroshi Kido","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Kido","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35990712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11201","display_name":"Metallurgy and Material Forming","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10840","display_name":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalloyed-steel","display_name":"microalloyed steel","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-forging","display_name":"hot forging","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toughness","display_name":"toughness","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-components","display_name":"automotive components","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanadium","display_name":"vanadium","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanium","display_name":"titanium","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-addition","display_name":"nitrogen addition","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitride-precipitates","display_name":"nitride precipitates","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatigue-behavior","display_name":"fatigue behavior","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-content","display_name":"carbon content","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese","display_name":"manganese","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forging-temperature","display_name":"forging temperature","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooling-rate","display_name":"cooling rate","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-cooling","display_name":"air cooling","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-refinement","display_name":"grain refinement","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6452098488807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99595764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802","display_name":"Toughness","level":2,"score":0.6349948048591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.6177443861961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776153231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384527","display_name":"Microalloyed steel","level":4,"score":0.566875696182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96494537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193057","display_name":"Forging","level":2,"score":0.445998877286911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.08038467168807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96288455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487286","display_name":"Austenite","level":3,"score":0.06495827436447144}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4271/860131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/860131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/860131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251675325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573636494","https://openalex.org/W2133600367","https://openalex.org/W2375547457","https://openalex.org/W2054526141","https://openalex.org/W2053846521","https://openalex.org/W1578784401","https://openalex.org/W2328819119","https://openalex.org/W2020966974","https://openalex.org/W2749497552","https://openalex.org/W1587735936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automotive":[0],"parts":[1,101,193,209],"produced":[2],"by":[3,125,160],"cold":[4,54],"or":[5],"hot":[6,64,99,196,212],"forging":[7,15,38,82,173,190],"steel":[8],"bars":[9],"are":[10,123,158],"often":[11],"heat":[12,35,58,79,111,216],"treated":[13],"after":[14,37,81,172],"to":[16,177,204],"reduce":[17],"their":[18],"grain":[19],"size":[20],"and":[21,31,45,53,94,120,151,169,189,198,214],"obtain":[22],"improvements":[23],"in":[24,43,86],"mechanical":[25,96],"properties":[26,77,97,157,180,202],"such":[27],"as":[28,115],"tensile,":[29],"impact":[30],"fatigue":[32,156],"properties.":[33],"If":[34],"treatments":[36,59],"can":[39,102],"be":[40,49,103,143,175],"eliminated,":[41],"savings":[42],"energy":[44],"handling":[46],"costs":[47],"could":[48],"realised.":[50],"Although":[51],"rolling":[52],"drawing":[55],"without":[56,106],"additional":[57],"have":[60,67,89],"been":[61],"already":[62],"used,":[63],"forged":[65,100,197,213],"components":[66],"not":[68],"except":[69],"a":[70],"few":[71],"applications":[72],"because":[73],"of":[74,98,109,133,163,206],"low":[75],"toughness":[76,93,122],"when":[78],"treating":[80],"is":[83],"omitted.":[84],"Tests":[85],"our":[87],"laboratory":[88],"shown":[90],"that":[91,194,210],"the":[92,107,146,161,182,187,207],"other":[95],"significantly":[104],"improved":[105],"use":[108],"post":[110],"treatments.":[112],"Results":[113],"were":[114,195,211],"follows:":[116],"1.":[117],"High":[118],"strength":[119],"high":[121],"obtained":[124],"decreasing":[126],"carbon":[127],"contents,":[128],"increasing":[129],"manganese,":[130],"adding":[131],"both":[132],"microalloying":[134],"elements":[135],"(V,":[136],"Ti).":[137],"2.":[138],"Nitrogen":[139],"(N)":[140],"addition":[141],"may":[142],"required":[144],"but":[145],"amount":[147],"depends":[148],"on":[149],"V":[150],"Ti":[152],"contents":[153],"present.":[154],"The":[155],"affected":[159],"presence":[162],"nitride":[164],"precipitates.":[165],"3.":[166],"Forging":[167],"temperature":[168],"cooling":[170],"rates":[171],"must":[174],"controlled":[176],"insure":[178],"uniform":[179],"throughout":[181],"finished":[183],"component.":[184],"By":[185],"using":[186],"compositional":[188],"controls,":[191],"automotive":[192],"air":[199],"cooled":[200],"had":[201],"equivalent":[203],"those":[205],"previous":[208],"subsequently":[215],"treated.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}