{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2299063663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118644843.ch25","title":"Pathogenesis of Human Schistosomiasis","display_name":"Pathogenesis of Human Schistosomiasis","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2299063663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118644843.ch25","mag":"2299063663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118644843.ch25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118644843.ch25","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118644843.ch25","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Emerging and Re\u2010emerging Infections","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2506906369","display_name":"Human Emerging and Re\u2010emerging Infections"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002963082","display_name":"Thien\u2010Linh Le","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thien\u2010Linh Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066842730","display_name":"Susanne H. Sokolow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-9322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-9322"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanne H. Sokolow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008623785","display_name":"Olfat Ali Hammam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-5804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-5804"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olfat Hammam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079013883","display_name":"Chi\u2010Ling Fu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi\u2010Ling Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006849587","display_name":"Michael Harrison Hsieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9650-2691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9650-2691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336742384","display_name":"Children's National","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa2q724","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137803","display_name":"Biomedical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03yr0pg70","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137803"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Urology and Pediatrics, The GeorgeWashington University, Washington, DC, USA","Division of Urology, Children's National Health System,Washington, DC, USA","The Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Urology and Pediatrics, The GeorgeWashington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Urology, Children's National Health System,Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"481","last_page":"504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10695","display_name":"Parasites and Host Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10695","display_name":"Parasites and Host Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12234","display_name":"Mollusks and Parasites Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11154","display_name":"Parasitic infections in humans and animals","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schistosomiasis","display_name":"schistosomiasis","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenesis","display_name":"pathogenesis","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cercarial-penetration","display_name":"cercarial penetration","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cercarial-dermatitis","display_name":"cercarial dermatitis","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-schistosomiasis","display_name":"acute schistosomiasis","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snail-control","display_name":"snail control","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schistosomiasis-control","display_name":"schistosomiasis control","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-vaccine","display_name":"DNA vaccine","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-subunit-vaccines","display_name":"subunit vaccine","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schistosome-antigens","display_name":"schistosome antigens","score":0.7369999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776225656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221159","display_name":"Schistosomiasis","level":3,"score":0.8545323610305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6768203973770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778491710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457418","display_name":"Schistosoma","level":5,"score":0.5756189823150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777459323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5259911","display_name":"Human skin","level":2,"score":0.5364027619361877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5197696089744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.4926753640174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.33742332458496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165901193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3129936","display_name":"Helminths","level":2,"score":0.24893319606781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776863245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2324689","display_name":"Schistosoma mansoni","level":4,"score":0.2479957640171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09823447465896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118644843.ch25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118644843.ch25","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118644843.ch25","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Emerging and Re\u2010emerging Infections","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":186,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30520438","https://openalex.org/W101802652","https://openalex.org/W117191245","https://openalex.org/W123110711","https://openalex.org/W138170850","https://openalex.org/W216784783","https://openalex.org/W222867038","https://openalex.org/W252470427","https://openalex.org/W259411115","https://openalex.org/W561157623","https://openalex.org/W877378724","https://openalex.org/W1480568860","https://openalex.org/W1497939346","https://openalex.org/W1535990603","https://openalex.org/W1541457490","https://openalex.org/W1581779670","https://openalex.org/W1643526650","https://openalex.org/W1759977888","https://openalex.org/W1836347966","https://openalex.org/W1892312233","https://openalex.org/W1901041608","https://openalex.org/W1957229382","https://openalex.org/W1963676009","https://openalex.org/W1965087750","https://openalex.org/W1966128018","https://openalex.org/W1966839738","https://openalex.org/W1968832176","https://openalex.org/W1971713884","https://openalex.org/W1971815930","https://openalex.org/W1978406295","https://openalex.org/W1982172824","https://openalex.org/W1985125470","https://openalex.org/W1985538960","https://openalex.org/W1986038905","https://openalex.org/W1987730353","https://openalex.org/W1990388786","https://openalex.org/W1990516061","https://openalex.org/W1995816145","https://openalex.org/W1997195967","https://openalex.org/W1999942439","https://openalex.org/W2000869081","https://openalex.org/W2001818858","https://openalex.org/W2002759367","https://openalex.org/W2005767890","https://openalex.org/W2006464778","https://openalex.org/W2008001323","https://openalex.org/W2010721907","https://openalex.org/W2010991429","https://openalex.org/W2012065476","https://openalex.org/W2014926519","https://openalex.org/W2015018816","https://openalex.org/W2015928161","https://openalex.org/W2016330738","https://openalex.org/W2016547413","https://openalex.org/W2021603013","https://openalex.org/W2022952570","https://openalex.org/W2024605261","https://openalex.org/W2024981949","https://openalex.org/W2025260202","https://openalex.org/W2025385651","https://openalex.org/W2025549068","https://openalex.org/W2025963113","https://openalex.org/W2027182392","https://openalex.org/W2029146263","https://openalex.org/W2029596018","https://openalex.org/W2029639730","https://openalex.org/W2031335103","https://openalex.org/W2032558520","https://openalex.org/W2033294362","https://openalex.org/W2040490032","https://openalex.org/W2041343343","https://openalex.org/W2041469706","https://openalex.org/W2043438945","https://openalex.org/W2044230262","https://openalex.org/W2046874304","https://openalex.org/W2047392062","https://openalex.org/W2047540576","https://openalex.org/W2049421154","https://openalex.org/W2053491577","https://openalex.org/W2053756609","https://openalex.org/W2057248906","https://openalex.org/W2057392224","https://openalex.org/W2058419838","https://openalex.org/W2058577307","https://openalex.org/W2059348832","https://openalex.org/W2060340955","https://openalex.org/W2060649608","https://openalex.org/W2060663529","https://openalex.org/W2062997740","https://openalex.org/W2063589559","https://openalex.org/W2063592904","https://openalex.org/W2064982503","https://openalex.org/W2066142128","https://openalex.org/W2066456107","https://openalex.org/W2067454999","https://openalex.org/W2068524887","https://openalex.org/W2069177507","https://openalex.org/W2071194224","https://openalex.org/W2073183286","https://openalex.org/W2073398404","https://openalex.org/W2073410781","https://openalex.org/W2075096027","https://openalex.org/W2076285075","https://openalex.org/W2080253616","https://openalex.org/W2081174964","https://openalex.org/W2082857379","https://openalex.org/W2083529979","https://openalex.org/W2085597839","https://openalex.org/W2086548461","https://openalex.org/W2087898001","https://openalex.org/W2088411139","https://openalex.org/W2088717960","https://openalex.org/W2091909698","https://openalex.org/W2094169801","https://openalex.org/W2098497474","https://openalex.org/W2099274043","https://openalex.org/W2100422150","https://openalex.org/W2101005114","https://openalex.org/W2106591121","https://openalex.org/W2107506178","https://openalex.org/W2107506303","https://openalex.org/W2108601655","https://openalex.org/W2112335947","https://openalex.org/W2112823180","https://openalex.org/W2118412176","https://openalex.org/W2122518986","https://openalex.org/W2124204173","https://openalex.org/W2124538952","https://openalex.org/W2127993404","https://openalex.org/W2129877365","https://openalex.org/W2130188603","https://openalex.org/W2131091523","https://openalex.org/W2131233929","https://openalex.org/W2131425729","https://openalex.org/W2132753699","https://openalex.org/W2133001486","https://openalex.org/W2134231513","https://openalex.org/W2135996116","https://openalex.org/W2137540985","https://openalex.org/W2137861277","https://openalex.org/W2144278880","https://openalex.org/W2144476516","https://openalex.org/W2148424953","https://openalex.org/W2148950326","https://openalex.org/W2150329392","https://openalex.org/W2150934040","https://openalex.org/W2157697235","https://openalex.org/W2158746014","https://openalex.org/W2158992238","https://openalex.org/W2159526666","https://openalex.org/W2166453736","https://openalex.org/W2167977251","https://openalex.org/W2175674055","https://openalex.org/W2184353041","https://openalex.org/W2201128578","https://openalex.org/W2219196070","https://openalex.org/W2242555683","https://openalex.org/W2263420899","https://openalex.org/W2264431933","https://openalex.org/W2313936687","https://openalex.org/W2314175011","https://openalex.org/W2319317195","https://openalex.org/W2321397630","https://openalex.org/W2328031273","https://openalex.org/W2337131808","https://openalex.org/W2341229185","https://openalex.org/W2341436783","https://openalex.org/W2341904597","https://openalex.org/W2394568671","https://openalex.org/W2395799587","https://openalex.org/W2399717888","https://openalex.org/W2403125572","https://openalex.org/W2403390436","https://openalex.org/W2602668098","https://openalex.org/W4211151723","https://openalex.org/W4229910463","https://openalex.org/W4233887334","https://openalex.org/W4239482560","https://openalex.org/W4249228470","https://openalex.org/W4253530063","https://openalex.org/W4313317773","https://openalex.org/W4317563577","https://openalex.org/W4388299012","https://openalex.org/W6633841473","https://openalex.org/W6987974208","https://openalex.org/W7074207282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390990843","https://openalex.org/W2400281604","https://openalex.org/W4402171726","https://openalex.org/W2953043210","https://openalex.org/W2188094831","https://openalex.org/W2350501410","https://openalex.org/W3008040042","https://openalex.org/W2049095410","https://openalex.org/W4237088767","https://openalex.org/W2280820308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"infection":[1],"begins":[2],"with":[3,112],"the":[4,7,10,40,48,68,96,120],"penetration":[5,46,80],"of":[6,62,71,107,137],"cercariae":[8],"through":[9,141],"skin.":[11],"In":[12],"highly":[13],"endemic":[14],"areas":[15],"featuring":[16],"multiple":[17],"schistosome":[18,86,132,139],"species,":[19,23],"hybridization":[20,26],"between":[21,27],"related":[22],"and":[24,29,47,56,67,109,115,134],"even":[25],"human":[28,42,84,103],"animal":[30,127],"schistosomes,":[31],"has":[32],"been":[33],"shown":[34],"to":[35,44,79],"occur.":[36],"Acute":[37],"schistosomiasis":[38,63],"includes":[39],"transient":[41],"responses":[43,50],"cercarial":[45,76],"long-lasting":[49],"resulting":[51],"from":[52],"schistosomular":[53],"tissue":[54],"migration":[55],"maturation.":[57],"The":[58],"first":[59],"clinical":[60],"manifestation":[61],"is":[64],"often":[65],"itching":[66],"potential":[69],"development":[70],"a":[72],"maculopapular":[73],"rash":[74],"or":[75,83,144],"dermatitis":[77],"due":[78],"by":[81],"non-human":[82],"pathogenic":[85],"strains.":[87],"A":[88],"combined":[89],"approach":[90],"focusing":[91],"on":[92],"three":[93],"aims":[94],"offers":[95],"most":[97,121],"promising":[98],"integrated":[99],"control":[100],"approach:":[101],"treating":[102],"cases,":[104],"reducing":[105],"contact":[106],"humans":[108],"their":[110],"wastes":[111],"infested":[113],"water,":[114],"controlling":[116],"snails.":[117],"To":[118],"date,":[119],"successful":[122],"strategies,":[123],"at":[124],"least":[125],"in":[126],"models,":[128],"include":[129],"(1)":[130],"radiation-attenuated":[131],"vaccines":[133],"(2)":[135],"delivery":[136],"specific":[138],"antigens":[140],"protein":[142],"subunit":[143],"DNA":[145],"vaccines.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
