{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2298445155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193010","title":"Defending Robustness: The Bacterial Mesosome as a Test Case","display_name":"Defending Robustness: The Bacterial Mesosome as a Test Case","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2298445155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193010","mag":"2298445155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186954","display_name":"PSA Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","issn_l":"0270-8647","issn":["0270-8647","2327-9486"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008088669","display_name":"Sylvia Culp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sylvia Culp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Michigan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Michigan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008088669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.764,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97501008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1994","issue":"1","first_page":"46","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Philosophy, Science, and History","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"robustness","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifactuality","display_name":"artifactuality","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-microscopy","display_name":"electron microscopy","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harry-collins","display_name":"Harry Collins","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram-positive-bacteria","display_name":"Gram-positive bacteria","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-microbiology","display_name":"history of microbiology","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8286321759223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35269588232040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2914300560951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.11686769127845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1994.1.193010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186954","display_name":"PSA Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","issn_l":"0270-8647","issn":["0270-8647","2327-9486"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W657068754","https://openalex.org/W1547922867","https://openalex.org/W1580183747","https://openalex.org/W1585317948","https://openalex.org/W1695535299","https://openalex.org/W1755057697","https://openalex.org/W1917405330","https://openalex.org/W1965185576","https://openalex.org/W1972083847","https://openalex.org/W1982406573","https://openalex.org/W2016573782","https://openalex.org/W2031702117","https://openalex.org/W2047715981","https://openalex.org/W2060556600","https://openalex.org/W2074560738","https://openalex.org/W2093149075","https://openalex.org/W2099546123","https://openalex.org/W2108812790","https://openalex.org/W2161000450","https://openalex.org/W3129775901","https://openalex.org/W3162439866","https://openalex.org/W3215775423","https://openalex.org/W4210290871","https://openalex.org/W4301224380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076379509","https://openalex.org/W2502928966","https://openalex.org/W1972192692","https://openalex.org/W246501131","https://openalex.org/W4250483431","https://openalex.org/W418611154","https://openalex.org/W2042824576","https://openalex.org/W2487803881","https://openalex.org/W1526518728","https://openalex.org/W2171782212"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"\u201cFacts,":[1],"Artifacts,":[2],"and":[3],"Mesosomes:":[4],"Practicing":[5],"Epistemology":[6],"with":[7],"the":[8,18,46,76,133,143],"Electron":[9],"Microscope\u201d":[10],"(1993),":[11],"Nicolas":[12],"Rasmussen":[13,38,112],"presents":[14],"an":[15,87],"account":[16],"of":[17,50,60,64,70,78,121,135,145],"mesosome,":[19],"a":[20,33,43,68],"bag-shaped":[21],"membranous":[22],"structure":[23],"first":[24],"observed":[25],"by":[26,67,90,128],"electron":[27,62,80,97],"microscopists":[28,81,98],"in":[29,132,142],"grampositive":[30],"bacteria,":[31],"as":[32,42,72,126],"test":[34],"case":[35],"for":[36,45,75],"robustness.":[37],"argues":[39],"that":[40,84,115,120],"robustness":[41,102],"criterion":[44],"reality":[47],"or":[48,138],"artifactuality":[49],"experimental":[51],"results":[52],"fails":[53],"this":[54],"test;":[55],"for,":[56],"after":[57],"15":[58],"years":[59],"interpreting":[61],"micrographs":[63],"specimens":[65],"prepared":[66],"variety":[69],"techniques":[71],"supporting":[73],"evidence":[74],"existence":[77],"mesosomes,":[79],"ultimately":[82],"concluded":[83],"mesosomes":[85,118],"were":[86],"artifact":[88],"produced":[89],"these":[91],"preparation":[92],"techniques.":[93],"According":[94],"to":[95,103,148],"Rasmussen,":[96],"did":[99],"not":[100],"use":[101],"\u201cdecide":[104],"reliably":[105],"between":[106],"conflicting":[107],"observations\u201d":[108],"(ibid.,":[109],"231).":[110],"Moreover,":[111],"also":[113],"claims":[114],"research":[116],"on":[117],"\u201cresembles":[119],"high":[122],"flux":[123],"gravity":[124],"waves":[125],"described":[127],"Harry":[129],"Collins,":[130],"especially":[131],"obviousness":[134],"\u2018experimenter's":[136],"regress\u2019":[137],"logical":[139],"circularity":[140],"entailed":[141],"evaluation":[144],"experiments":[146],"according":[147],"their":[149],"results\u2026\u201c(ibid.,":[150],"256).":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
