{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2298367362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1990.11487604","title":"Radar Surveying of the Bottom Surface of Ice Covers","display_name":"Radar Surveying of the Bottom Surface of Ice Covers","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2298367362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1990.11487604","mag":"2298367362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07038992.1990.11487604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1990.11487604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1990.11487604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85837164","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0703-8992","issn":["0703-8992","1712-7971","1712-798X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031064782","display_name":"Steven A. Arcone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6175-7096","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6175-7096"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven A. Arcone","raw_affiliation_strings":["U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045388074","display_name":"Darryl J. Calkins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darryl J. Calkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["U"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.325,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84547989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"30","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-thickness","display_name":"ice thickness","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-cover","display_name":"ice cover","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"ground penetrating radar","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-pulse-radar","display_name":"short-pulse radar","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frost-penetration","display_name":"frost penetration","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5709283351898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4568290710449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.44791117310523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4403775930404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3218187689781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.129655122756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09430232644081116}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07038992.1990.11487604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1990.11487604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1990.11487604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85837164","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0703-8992","issn":["0703-8992","1712-7971","1712-798X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18740842","https://openalex.org/W137420262","https://openalex.org/W1591361702","https://openalex.org/W1965798499","https://openalex.org/W2014507383","https://openalex.org/W2065219921","https://openalex.org/W2089644044","https://openalex.org/W2161393150","https://openalex.org/W2328840055","https://openalex.org/W2607925176","https://openalex.org/W2760192484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515100293","https://openalex.org/W1591361702","https://openalex.org/W2064339952","https://openalex.org/W2098302189","https://openalex.org/W2132759559","https://openalex.org/W331144341","https://openalex.org/W2147403432","https://openalex.org/W1944249588","https://openalex.org/W2172963830","https://openalex.org/W603951343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"certain":[1],"fish":[2],"species,":[3],"benthic":[4],"invertebrates,":[5],"and":[6,49,57,95,126],"aquatic":[7],"vegetation,":[8],"the":[9,24,37,46,50,64,74,107,117,148,158,164,168,173],"substrate":[10],"beneath":[11],"an":[12,16,103],"ice":[13,47,124,144,165,174],"cover":[14],"requires":[15],"unfrozen":[17],"state":[18],"for":[19],"them":[20],"to":[21,43,91,121,141,147],"survive":[22],"during":[23],"winter":[25],"period.":[26],"Ground-penetrating,":[27],"short":[28],"pulse":[29],"radar":[30,120],"operated":[31],"from":[32,110,163,172],"a":[33,67,182],"helicopter":[34],"or":[35,150],"along":[36],"ground":[38],"surface":[39,166],"can":[40,179],"be":[41],"used":[42],"survey":[44],"rapidly":[45],"thickness":[48,125],"ice/bottom":[51],"interface":[52,177],"conditions":[53,178],"on":[54],"freshwater":[55],"rivers":[56],"lakes.":[58],"The":[59],"radiation":[60],"discussed":[61],"is":[62,79,145,154],"in":[63,135],"form":[65],"of":[66,69,77,98,119,128,160,170],"wavelet":[68],"about":[70,99],"6":[71],"nanoseconds":[72],"duration;":[73],"power":[75],"spectrum":[76],"which":[78,131],"centred":[80],"near":[81],"500":[82],"MHz.":[83],"Helicopter":[84],"surveying":[85],"was":[86],"generally":[87],"performed":[88],"at":[89,96],"3":[90],"4":[92],"m":[93],"altitude":[94],"speeds":[97],"5":[100],"m/s":[101],"with":[102,167],"antenna":[104],"mounted":[105],"off":[106],"skids.":[108],"Results":[109],"several":[111],"river":[112],"surveys":[113],"reveal":[114],"not":[115],"only":[116],"ability":[118],"measure":[122],"sheet":[123],"depth":[127],"frost":[129],"penetration,":[130],"has":[132],"been":[133],"demonstrated":[134],"earlier":[136],"studies,":[137],"but":[138],"more":[139],"importantly":[140],"determine":[142],"whether":[143],"frozen":[146],"river-":[149],"streambed.":[151],"Riverbed":[152],"freezing":[153],"determined":[155],"by":[156],"comparing":[157],"strengths":[159,169],"signals":[161],"reflected":[162],"those":[171],"bottom.":[175],"Rough":[176],"seriously":[180],"compromise":[181],"survey.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}