{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2298043752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20767","title":"Building the Leviathan \u2013 Voluntary centralisation of punishment power sustains cooperation in humans","display_name":"Building the Leviathan \u2013 Voluntary centralisation of punishment power sustains cooperation in humans","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2298043752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20767","mag":"2298043752","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26888519","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4757890"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/srep20767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20767","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20767.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20767.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013341276","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Gross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-9475","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-9475"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f6rg Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands","Department of Economics (AE1), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands","Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics (AE1), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061098306","display_name":"Zsombor Zolt\u00e1n M\u00e9der","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-9433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-9433"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zsombor Z. M\u00e9der","raw_affiliation_strings":["Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113987295","display_name":"Sanae Okamoto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanae Okamoto-Barth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands","Department of Economics (AE1), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands","Department of Economics (AE1), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics (AE1), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics (AE1), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042258024","display_name":"Arno M. Riedl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4612-6739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4612-6739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arno Riedl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics (AE1), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands","Department of Economics (AE1), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics (AE1), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics (AE1), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013341276"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":17.9197,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99060844,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"20767","last_page":"20767"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.8910999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.09950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12892","display_name":"Social Power and Status Dynamics","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperation","display_name":"cooperation","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-riding","display_name":"free-riding","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-punishment","display_name":"peer punishment","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-evolution","display_name":"social evolution","score":0.41499999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.834191083908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778786385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190632","display_name":"Centralisation","level":2,"score":0.747909665107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5157949924468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187206662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55607920","display_name":"Social dilemma","level":2,"score":0.4543135166168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196788367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499215","display_name":"Free rider problem","level":3,"score":0.42296335101127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.39214882254600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3894415497779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162222271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779871","display_name":"Public good","level":2,"score":0.346988707780838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.34299415349960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33194828033447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2609923481941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.20301106572151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14826589822769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011678","descriptor_name":"Punishment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011678","descriptor_name":"Punishment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011678","descriptor_name":"Punishment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/srep20767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20767","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20767.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3737654","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4757890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4757890","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4757890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26888519","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26888519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/d8b76dbe-ad02-44d8-8ffa-58f1a2175cee","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/d8b76dbe-ad02-44d8-8ffa-58f1a2175cee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gross, J, M\u00e9der, Z Z, Okamoto-Barth, S & Riedl, A M 2016, 'Building the Leviathan : voluntary centralisation of punishment power sustains cooperation in humans', Scientific Reports, vol. 6, 20767. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20767","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:222167","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/222167/1/srep20767.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/222167/1/srep20767.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gross, J\u00f6rg; M\u00e9der, Zsombor Z; Okamoto-Barth, Sanae; Riedl, Arno (2016). Building the Leviathan \u2013 Voluntary centralisation of punishment power sustains cooperation in humans. Scientific Reports, 6:20767.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu:10535/10070","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10535/10070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402437","display_name":"Digital Library Of The Commons Repository (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:20.500.14742/198611","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/handle/20.500.14742/198611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gross, J., M\u00e9der, Z. Z., Okamoto-Barth, S., & Riedl, A. (2016). Building the Leviathan \u2013 Voluntary centralisation of punishment power sustains cooperation in humans. Scientific Reports, 6, 20767. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20767","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:um:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:publications/d8b76dbe-ad02-44d8-8ffa-58f1a2175cee","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/d8b76dbe-ad02-44d8-8ffa-58f1a2175cee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, 6:20767. Nature Publishing Group","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.5167/uzh-222167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-222167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-222167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/srep20767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20767","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20767.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2298043752.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2298043752.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481402319","https://openalex.org/W1505523648","https://openalex.org/W1518436165","https://openalex.org/W1825286732","https://openalex.org/W1974077486","https://openalex.org/W1977076444","https://openalex.org/W1978571935","https://openalex.org/W1985340978","https://openalex.org/W1988701165","https://openalex.org/W1993891297","https://openalex.org/W1997991946","https://openalex.org/W2004624139","https://openalex.org/W2009111852","https://openalex.org/W2012615693","https://openalex.org/W2029714437","https://openalex.org/W2044185750","https://openalex.org/W2044288026","https://openalex.org/W2045744884","https://openalex.org/W2047022086","https://openalex.org/W2050431763","https://openalex.org/W2051005847","https://openalex.org/W2053702612","https://openalex.org/W2054446781","https://openalex.org/W2057489914","https://openalex.org/W2069601956","https://openalex.org/W2088504776","https://openalex.org/W2095522116","https://openalex.org/W2104660829","https://openalex.org/W2106417936","https://openalex.org/W2106613780","https://openalex.org/W2111496040","https://openalex.org/W2113546393","https://openalex.org/W2121918787","https://openalex.org/W2129135549","https://openalex.org/W2129752902","https://openalex.org/W2132282034","https://openalex.org/W2133417759","https://openalex.org/W2133772963","https://openalex.org/W2137421683","https://openalex.org/W2137709071","https://openalex.org/W2142130929","https://openalex.org/W2142437362","https://openalex.org/W2143284186","https://openalex.org/W2147570389","https://openalex.org/W2149857532","https://openalex.org/W2155753204","https://openalex.org/W2157592153","https://openalex.org/W2157651345","https://openalex.org/W2157701227","https://openalex.org/W2158346874","https://openalex.org/W2167030552","https://openalex.org/W2168194430","https://openalex.org/W2171286297","https://openalex.org/W2175723801","https://openalex.org/W2248962743","https://openalex.org/W2264797673","https://openalex.org/W3026721049","https://openalex.org/W3099418332","https://openalex.org/W3122480108","https://openalex.org/W3122702071","https://openalex.org/W3122867100","https://openalex.org/W3124819178","https://openalex.org/W4233654598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7222367384","https://openalex.org/W7131871736","https://openalex.org/W2137421683","https://openalex.org/W2159303103","https://openalex.org/W4403819575","https://openalex.org/W3108826700","https://openalex.org/W2063728994","https://openalex.org/W4248817563","https://openalex.org/W2106895538","https://openalex.org/W1985340978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"prevalence":[1],"of":[2,59,66,98,122],"cooperation":[3],"among":[4,145],"humans":[5],"is":[6,42,107],"puzzling":[7],"because":[8],"cooperators":[9,111],"can":[10,62,77,132],"be":[11,63],"exploited":[12],"by":[13,109],"free":[14,93],"riders.":[15],"Peer":[16],"punishment":[17,38,60,79,89,99],"has":[18,54],"been":[19],"suggested":[20],"as":[21],"a":[22,71],"solution":[23],"to":[24,81,91,103,117],"this":[25],"puzzle,":[26],"but":[27],"cumulating":[28],"evidence":[29],"questions":[30],"its":[31],"robustness":[32],"in":[33,74,119],"sustaining":[34],"cooperation.":[35,105],"Amongst":[36],"others,":[37],"fails":[39,90],"when":[40,47],"it":[41,48],"not":[43],"powerful":[44],"enough,":[45],"or":[46],"elicits":[49],"counter-punishment.":[50],"Existing":[51],"research,":[52],"however,":[53],"ignored":[55],"that":[56,85],"the":[57,64,95,120,123],"distribution":[58],"power":[61,80,100,130,141],"result":[65],"social":[67],"interactions.":[68],"We":[69,83],"introduce":[70],"novel":[72],"experiment":[73],"which":[75,136],"individuals":[76],"transfer":[78,97],"others.":[82],"find":[84],"while":[86],"decentralised":[87],"peer":[88],"overcome":[92],"riding,":[94],"voluntary":[96,129],"enables":[101],"groups":[102],"sustain":[104,134],"This":[106],"achieved":[108],"non-punishing":[110],"empowering":[112],"those":[113],"who":[114],"are":[115,143],"willing":[116],"punish":[118],"interest":[121],"group.":[124],"Our":[125],"results":[126],"show":[127],"how":[128],"centralisation":[131],"efficiently":[133],"cooperation,":[135],"could":[137],"explain":[138],"why":[139],"hierarchical":[140],"structures":[142],"widespread":[144],"animals":[146],"and":[147],"humans.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}