{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2297586751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","title":"Attention distribution and cognitive load in a subtitled academic lecture: L1 vs. L2","display_name":"Attention distribution and cognitive load in a subtitled academic lecture: L1 vs. L2","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2297586751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","mag":"2297586751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502673154","display_name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","issn_l":"1995-8692","issn":["1995-8692"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317811","host_organization_name":"Bern Open Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bern Open Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056934031","display_name":"Jan\u2010Louis Kruger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-5390","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-5390"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan-Louis Kruger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, & North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, & North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905","https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025143534","display_name":"Est\u00e9 Hefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-4782","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-4782"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Est\u00e9 Hefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081835539","display_name":"Gordon Matthew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-5413","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-5413"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Matthew","raw_affiliation_strings":["North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":54.1137,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99713464,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13310","display_name":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13310","display_name":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.014700000174343586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtitling","display_name":"subtitling","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-attention-distribution","display_name":"visual attention distribution","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"cognitive load","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-overload","display_name":"cognitive overload","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-lectures","display_name":"university lectures","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilingual-classrooms","display_name":"multilingual classrooms","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"eye tracking","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"EEG","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lecture-comprehension","display_name":"lecture comprehension","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.7788105010986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6544520854949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6311616897583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5826188325881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5774204134941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5666759610176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150420422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141238","display_name":"Cognitive resource theory","level":3,"score":0.4896257519721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.48718899488449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.46981385350227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45787498354911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40233296155929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3721292316913605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3303089737892151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23311251401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502673154","display_name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","issn_l":"1995-8692","issn":["1995-8692"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317811","host_organization_name":"Bern Open Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bern Open Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.bop.unibe.ch:article/2391","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bop.unibe.ch/JEMR/article/view/2391","pdf_url":"https://bop.unibe.ch/JEMR/article/download/2391/3587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400010","display_name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research (SwissUniversities)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210119157","host_organization_name":"Swissuniversities","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119157"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1995-8692","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bb03fa1fdde148a7b150e6efc8ca75ec","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb03fa1fdde148a7b150e6efc8ca75ec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research, Vol 7, Iss 5 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nwu.ac.za:10394/15076","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502673154","display_name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","issn_l":"1995-8692","issn":["1995-8692"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317811","host_organization_name":"Bern Open Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bern Open Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8899999856948853}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44383849","https://openalex.org/W230532140","https://openalex.org/W279601907","https://openalex.org/W325314667","https://openalex.org/W1488258299","https://openalex.org/W1532141786","https://openalex.org/W1611115710","https://openalex.org/W1797402740","https://openalex.org/W1819683336","https://openalex.org/W1960634294","https://openalex.org/W1967395107","https://openalex.org/W1977179609","https://openalex.org/W1980877068","https://openalex.org/W1993970157","https://openalex.org/W1996986259","https://openalex.org/W2000885037","https://openalex.org/W2012140987","https://openalex.org/W2013264503","https://openalex.org/W2015265641","https://openalex.org/W2016181632","https://openalex.org/W2040084725","https://openalex.org/W2041609546","https://openalex.org/W2043332155","https://openalex.org/W2064615268","https://openalex.org/W2082860333","https://openalex.org/W2098102731","https://openalex.org/W2098330912","https://openalex.org/W2098813016","https://openalex.org/W2104064755","https://openalex.org/W2115551023","https://openalex.org/W2134856890","https://openalex.org/W2153891974","https://openalex.org/W2159224638","https://openalex.org/W2163066639","https://openalex.org/W2168553716","https://openalex.org/W2291988352","https://openalex.org/W2338091192","https://openalex.org/W2490843962","https://openalex.org/W3215712882","https://openalex.org/W4249342393","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6723156273","https://openalex.org/W7061493808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6965100228","https://openalex.org/W3023164747","https://openalex.org/W2015265641","https://openalex.org/W6927295103","https://openalex.org/W2733014478","https://openalex.org/W7172024809","https://openalex.org/W4413184312","https://openalex.org/W4224039465","https://openalex.org/W4411416308","https://openalex.org/W3010537896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"multilingual":[1],"classrooms,":[2],"subtitling":[3],"can":[4],"be":[5,59],"used":[6],"to":[7,37,84],"address":[8],"the":[9,103],"language":[10,110],"needs":[11],"of":[12,43,45,76,105],"students":[13,20],"from":[14],"different":[15],"linguistic":[16],"backgrounds.":[17],"The":[18,97],"way":[19],"distribute":[21],"their":[22,39],"visual":[23,68],"and":[24,48,61,73,81,87,95,108],"cognitive":[25,63,88],"resources":[26],"during":[27],"a":[28],"lecture":[29],"is":[30,52],"important":[31],"in":[32,112],"educational":[33],"design.":[34],"Students":[35],"have":[36],"shift":[38],"attention":[40,69],"between":[41,54,71],"sources":[42,75],"information":[44,77],"varying":[46],"density":[47],"relevance.":[49],"If":[50],"there":[51,57],"redundancy":[53],"these":[55],"sources,":[56],"will":[58],"competition":[60],"possible":[62],"overload.":[64],"This":[65],"paper":[66],"compares":[67],"distribution":[70],"subtitles":[72,111],"other":[74],"through":[78,92],"eye":[79],"tracking":[80],"relates":[82],"this":[83],"academic":[85,113],"comprehension":[86],"load":[89],"as":[90],"measured":[91],"self-report":[93],"questionnaires":[94],"EEG.":[96],"study":[98],"provides":[99],"promising":[100],"results":[101],"for":[102],"use":[104],"both":[106],"first":[107],"second":[109],"contexts.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
