{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2297518566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.041574.115","title":"An omission procedure reorganizes the microstructure of sign-tracking while preserving incentive salience","display_name":"An omission procedure reorganizes the microstructure of sign-tracking while preserving incentive salience","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2297518566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.041574.115","mag":"2297518566","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26980782","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4793197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/lm.041574.115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.041574.115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.041574.115","pdf_url":"http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/23/4/151.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73374563","display_name":"Learning & Memory","issn_l":"1072-0502","issn":["1072-0502","1549-5485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315909","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Learning & Memory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/23/4/151.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017034108","display_name":"Stephen E. Chang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen E. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA Stephen.Chang@dartmouth.edu","Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA Stephen.Chang@dartmouth.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068370900","display_name":"Kyle S. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4532-6912","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4532-6912"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle S. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017034108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"151","last_page":"155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.788100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.788100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.13040000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.05920000001788139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive-salience","display_name":"incentive salience","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-cues","display_name":"reward cues","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cue-interaction","display_name":"cue interaction","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approach-behavior","display_name":"approach behavior","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motivational-value","display_name":"motivational value","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-topography","display_name":"response topography","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rats","display_name":"rats","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107524782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40164","display_name":"Lever","level":2,"score":0.9161118865013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780160660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6014281","display_name":"Incentive salience","level":3,"score":0.837431788444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.682023823261261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.5575117468833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.5123134851455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4906143248081207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994309678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10932402","display_name":"Food delivery","level":2,"score":0.45657044649124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4435114562511444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.42611101269721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3078400194644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2684735059738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.21727490425109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001070","descriptor_name":"Appetitive Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003216","descriptor_name":"Conditioning, Operant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003463","descriptor_name":"Cues","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012055","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/lm.041574.115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.041574.115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.041574.115","pdf_url":"http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/23/4/151.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73374563","display_name":"Learning & Memory","issn_l":"1072-0502","issn":["1072-0502","1549-5485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315909","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Learning & Memory","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4793197","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4793197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Learn Mem","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26980782","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26980782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:learnmem:23/4/151","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://learnmem.cshlp.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/lm.041574.115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.041574.115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.041574.115","pdf_url":"http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/23/4/151.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73374563","display_name":"Learning & Memory","issn_l":"1072-0502","issn":["1072-0502","1549-5485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315909","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Learning & Memory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1379679983","display_name":"Role of amygdala  systems in associative learning","funder_award_id":"R01MH053667","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2540258914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH53667","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3840952803","display_name":"Amygdala Systems in Associative Learning","funder_award_id":"R37MH053667","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4187085572","display_name":"Neural Mechanisms of Adaptive Reward Seeking and Salt Appetite","funder_award_id":"F32MH106178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000131200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH53667","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G917106553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH106178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306553","display_name":"Whitehall Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00her7k05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2297518566.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2297518566.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W647895460","https://openalex.org/W1945262540","https://openalex.org/W1964711918","https://openalex.org/W1975760003","https://openalex.org/W1980915028","https://openalex.org/W2003289462","https://openalex.org/W2016865357","https://openalex.org/W2018976541","https://openalex.org/W2031657614","https://openalex.org/W2033161761","https://openalex.org/W2044391780","https://openalex.org/W2051295313","https://openalex.org/W2056088758","https://openalex.org/W2061933718","https://openalex.org/W2081059623","https://openalex.org/W2086467993","https://openalex.org/W2089991469","https://openalex.org/W2095489417","https://openalex.org/W2101448098","https://openalex.org/W2116049552","https://openalex.org/W2119743323","https://openalex.org/W2121585149","https://openalex.org/W2127119311","https://openalex.org/W2158917576","https://openalex.org/W2162074174","https://openalex.org/W2243210982","https://openalex.org/W2396211135","https://openalex.org/W3200304998","https://openalex.org/W4230399604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408224074","https://openalex.org/W2809235415","https://openalex.org/W1973623192","https://openalex.org/W2783680253","https://openalex.org/W2208608890","https://openalex.org/W4417283752","https://openalex.org/W3158803207","https://openalex.org/W4382199515","https://openalex.org/W3011221906","https://openalex.org/W1986541158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Appetitive":[0],"sign-tracking,":[1],"in":[2,11,54,66,70,125],"which":[3,55],"reward-paired":[4],"cues":[5,16,140],"elicit":[6],"approach":[7,24],"that":[8,33,88,113,134],"can":[9,141],"result":[10],"cue":[12,32],"interaction,":[13],"demonstrates":[14],"how":[15],"acquire":[17],"motivational":[18,136],"value.":[19],"For":[20],"example,":[21],"rats":[22,47,71,87,112],"will":[23],"and":[25,98,105,147],"subsequently":[26],"interact":[27],"with":[28,144],"a":[29,126],"lever":[30,41,56,101],"insertion":[31],"signals":[34],"food":[35,59],"delivery":[36],"upon":[37],"its":[38],"retraction.":[39],"However,":[40,86],"deflections":[42,79],"are":[43,48],"rapidly":[44],"reduced":[45],"once":[46],"trained":[49],"on":[50,90],"an":[51,75,91,117],"omission":[52,76,92,118],"schedule":[53,93],"interactions":[57],"cancel":[58],"delivery.":[60],"Here":[61],"we":[62],"evaluated":[63],"the":[64,100,135],"change":[65],"sign-tracking":[67,121],"response":[68],"topography":[69],"exposed":[72],"to":[73,95,111,138],"such":[74],"procedure.":[77],"Lever":[78],"dropped":[80],"precipitously":[81],"when":[82],"they":[83],"canceled":[84],"reward.":[85],"were":[89,114],"continued":[94],"approach,":[96],"sniff,":[97],"contact":[99],"without":[102],"pressing":[103],"it,":[104],"did":[106],"so":[107],"at":[108],"comparable":[109],"rates":[110],"not":[115],"under":[116],"schedule.":[119],"Thus,":[120],"was":[122],"maintained,":[123],"albeit":[124],"different":[127],"manner,":[128],"following":[129],"omission.":[130],"Such":[131],"findings":[132],"show":[133],"attraction":[137],"reward":[139],"be":[142],"expressed":[143],"remarkable":[145],"persistence":[146],"flexibility.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}