{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2296643273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7151187x","title":"Lecithin in swine diets: I. Weanling pigs","display_name":"Lecithin in swine diets: I. Weanling pigs","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2296643273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7151187x","mag":"2296643273","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8505252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2527/1993.7151187x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7151187x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7151187x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72684844","display_name":"Journal of Animal Science","issn_l":"0021-8812","issn":["0021-8812","1525-3015","1525-3163","1544-7847"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068988613","display_name":"M. \u00d8verland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. \u00d8verland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113315896","display_name":"M. D. Tokach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. D. Tokach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109033490","display_name":"S. G. Cornelius","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. G. Cornelius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030144543","display_name":"James Eugene Pettigrew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8233-8800","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8233-8800"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. E. Pettigrew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030594804","display_name":"J. W. Rust","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. W. Rust","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":{"value":4368,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4368},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8865,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89985933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"5","first_page":"1187","last_page":"1193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10098","display_name":"Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lecithin","display_name":"lecithin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weaned-piglets","display_name":"weaned piglets","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soybean-oil","display_name":"soybean oil","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulsifiers","display_name":"emulsifiers","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-sources","display_name":"energy sources","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/starter-diets","display_name":"starter diets","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apparent-digestibility","display_name":"apparent digestibility","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-retention","display_name":"nitrogen retention","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-performance","display_name":"growth performance","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dried-whey","display_name":"dried whey","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-digestibility","display_name":"fat digestibility","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779564620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241595","display_name":"Lecithin","level":2,"score":0.8411587476730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778433245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978039","display_name":"Weanling","level":2,"score":0.730832576751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.6651886701583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6364283561706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777176278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557828","display_name":"Starter","level":2,"score":0.6128562688827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926892","display_name":"Soybean oil","level":2,"score":0.5662932991981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364900","display_name":"Soybean meal","level":3,"score":0.5447003841400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.4141392409801483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777014122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7571993","display_name":"Soy protein","level":2,"score":0.4100003242492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.257124662399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22417554259300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.07437536120414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000821","descriptor_name":"Animal Feed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004041","descriptor_name":"Dietary Fats","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004063","descriptor_name":"Digestion","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004734","descriptor_name":"Energy Metabolism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010713","descriptor_name":"Phosphatidylcholines","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010713","descriptor_name":"Phosphatidylcholines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013024","descriptor_name":"Soybean Oil","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013024","descriptor_name":"Soybean Oil","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014886","descriptor_name":"Weaning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2527/1993.7151187x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7151187x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7151187x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72684844","display_name":"Journal of Animal Science","issn_l":"0021-8812","issn":["0021-8812","1525-3015","1525-3163","1544-7847"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8505252","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8505252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of animal science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W61721213","https://openalex.org/W2012374786","https://openalex.org/W1534470774","https://openalex.org/W1493198331","https://openalex.org/W1785028112","https://openalex.org/W1492918052","https://openalex.org/W2466676981","https://openalex.org/W7018727288","https://openalex.org/W2062860968","https://openalex.org/W2183177028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"digestibility":[1,117,149],"experiment":[2],"(Exp.":[3,9],"1)":[4],"and":[5,11,46,63,67,76,83,92,105,140,154,174,180],"two":[6,78,86],"growth":[7,251],"experiments":[8],"2":[10,48,173],"3)":[12],"were":[13,57,94,199],"conducted":[14],"to":[15,43,53,132,183,213,233,240],"evaluate":[16],"the":[17,115,127,141,176,236],"use":[18],"of":[19,24,40,50,80,88,118,130,143,150,164,178,211,238,247],"lecithin":[20,81,104,131,165,179,212,239],"as":[21],"an":[22,28],"emulsifier":[23],"soy":[25,89,106,144,167,181,248],"oil":[26,90,107,145,168,182,249],"and(or)":[27],"energy":[29],"source":[30],"in":[31,126],"a":[32,69],"two-phase":[33],"starter":[34],"diet":[35],"program.":[36],"Phase":[37,47,172],"1":[38,75],"consisted":[39,49],"d":[41,51],"0":[42],"14":[44,52],"postweaning,":[45],"35":[54],"postweaning.":[55],"Diets":[56],"based":[58],"on":[59,169],"corn,":[60],"soybean":[61],"meal,":[62],"20%":[64],"dried":[65],"whey":[66],"contained":[68],"constant":[70],"ME:lysine":[71],"level.":[72],"In":[73,96,112,156,171,195],"Exp.":[74,113,157,196],"2,":[77,158,205,227],"levels":[79,87],"(0":[82,91],"2%)":[84],"at":[85],"6%)":[93],"investigated.":[95],"both":[97],"experiments,":[98],"there":[99,159],"was":[100,160],"no":[101,161],"interaction":[102],"between":[103],"for":[108,242],"any":[109],"traits":[110],"measured.":[111],"1,":[114,204,226],"apparent":[116,148],"fat":[119,124],"increased":[120,123,186],"significantly":[121,146,185,191],"with":[122],"level":[125],"diets.":[128],"Addition":[129],"diets":[133,184,201,214,241],"improved":[134,147],"(P":[135],"<":[136],".05)":[137],"nitrogen":[138],"retention,":[139],"addition":[142,210,237],"DM,":[151],"GE,":[152],"fat,":[153],"CP.":[155],"significant":[162],"effect":[163],"or":[166,206,221,228,250],"ADG.":[170],"overall,":[175],"inclusion":[177],"gain/feed":[187],"but":[188],"did":[189,215],"not":[190,216],"improve":[192],"gain/ME":[193,222],"intake.":[194],"3,":[197],"pigs":[198,244],"fed":[200],"containing":[202],"0,":[203],"3%":[207],"lecithin.":[208],"The":[209],"affect":[217],"ADG,":[218],"ADFI,":[219],"gain/feed,":[220],"intake":[223],"during":[224],"Phases":[225],"overall.":[229],"These":[230],"results":[231],"fail":[232],"demonstrate":[234],"that":[235],"young":[243],"improves":[245],"utilization":[246],"performance.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
