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Beijing Genomics Institute (SC); and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD); Beijing Genomics Institute (SC); and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I2801577699","https://openalex.org/I4210105608","https://openalex.org/I4210166576","https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027344619","display_name":"Chong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0865-5023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0865-5023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801577699","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Genomics","ror":"https://ror.org/049gn7z52","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105608","display_name":"ShenZhen People\u2019s Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcefx46","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768041","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00325dg83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341522","display_name":"Sisi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-9713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-9713"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801577699","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Genomics","ror":"https://ror.org/049gn7z52","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105608","display_name":"ShenZhen People\u2019s Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcefx46","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768041","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00325dg83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sisi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101712963","display_name":"Qian Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-2483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-2483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801577699","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Genomics","ror":"https://ror.org/049gn7z52","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105608","display_name":"ShenZhen People\u2019s Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcefx46","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768041","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00325dg83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017119373","display_name":"Guangying Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3656-8100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3656-8100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801577699","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Genomics","ror":"https://ror.org/049gn7z52","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105608","display_name":"ShenZhen People\u2019s Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcefx46","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768041","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00325dg83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangying Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613501","display_name":"Jianing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-4402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-4402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801577699","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Genomics","ror":"https://ror.org/049gn7z52","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105608","display_name":"ShenZhen People\u2019s Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcefx46","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768041","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00325dg83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456819","display_name":"Zhi Jane Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-7463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-7463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801577699","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Genomics","ror":"https://ror.org/049gn7z52","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105608","display_name":"ShenZhen People\u2019s Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcefx46","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768041","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00325dg83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113722984","display_name":"Zhongwen Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801577699","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Genomics","ror":"https://ror.org/049gn7z52","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105608","display_name":"ShenZhen People\u2019s Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcefx46","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768041","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00325dg83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongwen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100135526","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.md-journal.com)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yulong Ding","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100135526","display_name":"BGI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/045pn2j94","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100135526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801577699","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Genomics","ror":"https://ror.org/049gn7z52","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105608","display_name":"ShenZhen People\u2019s Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcefx46","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768041","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00325dg83","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768041","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Genomics Institute (SC)","From the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (XH, CL, QX, GC, JC, ZC, ZW, YD, PY, HD)","and Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Abbreviations: CDR = complementarity-determining region, D = diversity, Ds = Simpson index of diversity, H\u2032 = Shannon\u2013Wiener index, HEC = highly expanded clone, indel = insertion and deletion, J = joining, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cell, TCR = T cell receptors, Tdt = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TRBD = T cell receptor beta diversity, TRBJ = T cell receptor beta joining, TRBV = T cell receptor beta variable, V = variable","Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) (YD), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article","Supplemental digital content is available for this article. 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