{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2295743002","doi":null,"title":"Comparison of pyridostigmine and bisacodyl in the treatment of refractory chronic constipation.","display_name":"Comparison of pyridostigmine and bisacodyl in the treatment of refractory chronic constipation.","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2295743002","mag":"2295743002","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26958328","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4761118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4761118","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4761118/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4761118/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Caspian J Intern Med","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4761118/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068673051","display_name":"Iman Soufi-Afshar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70876197","display_name":"Babol University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02r5cmz65","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman Soufi-Afshar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036917640","display_name":"Ali Akbar Moghadamnia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-1352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-1352","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-978X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70876197","display_name":"Babol University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02r5cmz65","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aliakbar Moghadamnia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059806121","display_name":"Ali Bijani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-8726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-8726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70876197","display_name":"Babol University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02r5cmz65","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Bijani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089514096","display_name":"Sohrab Kazemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8068-5745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8068-5745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70876197","display_name":"Babol University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02r5cmz65","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sohrab Kazemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran","Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021009361","display_name":"Javad Shokri\u2010Shirvani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-2234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-2234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70876197","display_name":"Babol University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02r5cmz65","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javad Shokri-Shirvani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70876197"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0221,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9059494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10365","display_name":"Gastrointestinal motility and disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10365","display_name":"Gastrointestinal motility and disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10418","display_name":"Pelvic floor disorders treatments","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10671","display_name":"Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-constipation","display_name":"chronic constipation","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractory-constipation","display_name":"refractory constipation","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyridostigmine","display_name":"pyridostigmine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bisacodyl","display_name":"bisacodyl","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinesterase-inhibitors","display_name":"cholinesterase inhibitors","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-motility","display_name":"gastrointestinal motility","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incomplete-evacuation","display_name":"incomplete evacuation","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stool-frequency","display_name":"stool frequency","score":0.7940000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777068960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417874","display_name":"Bisacodyl","level":5,"score":0.9818836450576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419472","display_name":"Pyridostigmine","level":3,"score":0.9581265449523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910532367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419472","display_name":"Pyridostigmine Bromide","level":4,"score":0.882107138633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108797546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204015","display_name":"Defecation","level":2,"score":0.8704015612602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.831924557685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781112942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178436","display_name":"Constipation","level":2,"score":0.8315932750701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780661987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217972","display_name":"Laxative","level":3,"score":0.8198953866958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5356988310813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.5239969491958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780590118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269235","display_name":"Obstructed defecation","level":3,"score":0.514626145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178436","display_name":"Chronic constipation","level":3,"score":0.5089223384857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.4255434572696686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778105408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8285","display_name":"Myasthenia gravis","level":2,"score":0.09827783703804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526805850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778435480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840387","display_name":"Colonoscopy","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4761118","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4761118/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4761118/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Caspian J Intern Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3752628","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4761118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26958328","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26958328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Caspian journal of internal medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:267627e810924a16b39b09333addd487","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/267627e810924a16b39b09333addd487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 19-24 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4761118","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4761118/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4761118/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Caspian J Intern Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295743002.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295743002.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503422562","https://openalex.org/W1860428680","https://openalex.org/W1965194352","https://openalex.org/W1972033603","https://openalex.org/W1998955929","https://openalex.org/W2013491720","https://openalex.org/W2026312057","https://openalex.org/W2046549547","https://openalex.org/W2056596852","https://openalex.org/W2070888548","https://openalex.org/W2078217049","https://openalex.org/W2090144284","https://openalex.org/W2095055104","https://openalex.org/W2095971296","https://openalex.org/W2099895935","https://openalex.org/W2100894191","https://openalex.org/W2106647978","https://openalex.org/W2106711938","https://openalex.org/W2114567997","https://openalex.org/W2115667066","https://openalex.org/W2129416774","https://openalex.org/W2130083452","https://openalex.org/W2145959783","https://openalex.org/W2171477352","https://openalex.org/W2182493411","https://openalex.org/W2254340808","https://openalex.org/W2611380183"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503422562","https://openalex.org/W2026312057","https://openalex.org/W1993226188","https://openalex.org/W4406389084","https://openalex.org/W2162254604","https://openalex.org/W4367834036","https://openalex.org/W2138857851","https://openalex.org/W2100894191","https://openalex.org/W2996884330","https://openalex.org/W4256618842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Treatment":[1],"of":[2,8,37,45,72,80,92,96,101,110,124,134,195,214,221,233],"chronic":[3,33,50,63,234],"constipation":[4,235],"is":[5],"creating":[6],"one":[7],"the":[9,18,22,43,90,94,113,121,132,140,145,219,231],"major":[10],"problems":[11],"for":[12],"doctors":[13],"and":[14,47,74,104,112,144,152,159,164,169,183,189,193,199,208,212,227],"patients.":[15],"Pyridostigmine":[16,73,226],"increases":[17],"gastrointestinal":[19],"motility":[20],"through":[21],"effects":[23,44],"on":[24,49,57],"cholinesterase.":[25],"It":[26],"seems":[27],"that":[28],"this":[29,38],"mechanism":[30],"can":[31],"reduce":[32],"constipation.":[34,51,64],"The":[35,128,175],"aim":[36],"study":[39,54],"was":[40,55,178],"to":[41,142],"compare":[42],"pyridostigmine":[46,162,182,198,207],"bisacodyl":[48,75,172,184,200,209,228],"METHODS:":[52],"This":[53],"conducted":[56],"68":[58],"patients":[59,119,196],"who":[60],"suffered":[61],"from":[62,203],"Patients":[65],"were":[66,106,115,126,154],"randomly":[67],"divided":[68],"into":[69],"two":[70],"groups":[71,185,201],"in":[76,131,150,161,171,180,197,218],"which":[77],"each":[78],"consisted":[79],"34":[81],"patients,":[82],"respectively.":[83,174,205,224],"Bristol":[84,146],"stool":[85],"form":[86,148],"score,":[87,139],"straining":[88],"defecation,":[89,93,223],"time":[91,141],"number":[95],"defecation":[97,135,143],"per":[98,136],"week,":[99,137],"sense":[100,220],"incomplete":[102,222],"evacuation":[103],"self-digitation":[105],"collected":[107],"by":[108],"means":[109],"questionnaires":[111],"data":[114],"compared.":[116],"RESULTS:":[117],"Sixty-eight":[118],"with":[120],"mean":[122,129],"age":[123],"68.12\u00b184.49":[125],"studied.":[127],"difference":[130,177],"frequency":[133],"VAS":[138],"Stool":[147],"Scale":[149],"pre":[151],"post-treatment":[153],"4.33\u00b11.88,":[155],"5.96\u00b12.29,":[156],"12.30\u00b17.95":[157],"min":[158,168],"2.10\u00b10.95":[160],"group":[163],"2.96\u00b11.81,":[165],"4.06\u00b12.22,":[166],"6.67\u00b15.23":[167],"1.41\u00b10.84":[170],"group,":[173],"significant":[176],"observed":[179],"both":[181],"(P=0.005,":[186],"P=0.002,":[187],"P=0.002":[188],"P=0.005,":[190],"respectively).":[191],"60%":[192],"32.3":[194,213],"recovered":[202],"self-digitations,":[204],"In":[206],"groups,":[210],"66.7%":[211],"them":[215],"had":[216],"improvement":[217],"CONCLUSION:":[225],"significantly":[229],"improved":[230],"symptoms":[232],"similarly.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}