{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2294494167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/38.252558","title":"Shell rendering","display_name":"Shell rendering","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2294494167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/38.252558","mag":"2294494167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/38.252558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/38.252558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/38.252558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105380075","display_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","issn_l":"0272-1716","issn":["0272-1716","1558-1756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065713856","display_name":"Jayaram K. Udupa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-2927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-2927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.K. Udupa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069851642","display_name":"Dewey Odhner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6124-8796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6124-8796"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Odhner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":2995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2995},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96020942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"58","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume-rendering","display_name":"volume rendering","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-model","display_name":"structural model","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-measurement","display_name":"surface measurement","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-imaging","display_name":"diagnostic imaging","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.9255432486534119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116108083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940131","display_name":"Ray casting","level":4,"score":0.8040608763694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7772501707077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7649056911468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30769735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165951","display_name":"Volume rendering","level":3,"score":0.6155862808227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5642790198326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.4932824969291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4643481373786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4319625496864319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.42680564522743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.4136955142021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39307737350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37108391523361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.34805649518966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15824991464614868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10150560736656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/38.252558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/38.252558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/38.252558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105380075","display_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","issn_l":"0272-1716","issn":["0272-1716","1558-1756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514206621","https://openalex.org/W1579655566","https://openalex.org/W1980670965","https://openalex.org/W1997057955","https://openalex.org/W2022933237","https://openalex.org/W2024384777","https://openalex.org/W2063068378","https://openalex.org/W2090338928","https://openalex.org/W2116948053","https://openalex.org/W2119231080","https://openalex.org/W2126521141","https://openalex.org/W2159763437","https://openalex.org/W2177745862","https://openalex.org/W2295355433","https://openalex.org/W4250955658","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967076293","https://openalex.org/W2022362169","https://openalex.org/W2293865021","https://openalex.org/W2012920942","https://openalex.org/W7096688724","https://openalex.org/W2021728845","https://openalex.org/W1992185104","https://openalex.org/W1971591296","https://openalex.org/W2061245394","https://openalex.org/W2030621076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"structure":[1,25,53,135],"model":[2],"for":[3,101],"volume":[4],"rendering,":[5],"called":[6],"a":[7,12,16,29,50,116],"shell,":[8],"is":[9,95],"introduced.":[10],"Roughly,":[11],"shell":[13,48,130,143],"consists":[14],"of":[15,18,23,31,87,112,126],"set":[17],"voxels":[19,36,60,74,127],"in":[20,37,49,128],"the":[21,24,35,43,47,59,73,79,88,99,107,113,122,129,134,145,148],"vicinity":[22],"boundary":[26,117],"together":[27],"with":[28,34],"number":[30],"attributes":[32,44,114],"associated":[33],"this":[38],"set.":[39],"By":[40,109],"carefully":[41],"choosing":[42],"and":[45,61,65,104,150,153],"storing":[46],"special":[51],"data":[52,146],"that":[54,75,120,159],"allows":[55],"random":[56],"access":[57],"to":[58,78,131],"their":[62],"attributes,":[63],"storage":[64],"computational":[66],"requirements":[67],"can":[68,139],"be":[69,132,140],"reduced":[70],"drastically.":[71],"Only":[72],"potentially":[76],"contribute":[77],"rendition":[80],"actually":[81],"enter":[82],"into":[83],"major":[84],"computation.":[85],"Instead":[86],"commonly":[89],"used":[90],"ray-casting":[91],"paradigm,":[92],"voxel":[93],"projection":[94],"used.":[96],"This":[97],"eliminates":[98],"need":[100],"render-time":[102],"interpolation":[103],"further":[105],"enhances":[106],"speed.":[108],"having":[110],"one":[111],"as":[115],"likelihood":[118],"function":[119],"determines":[121],"most":[123],"likely":[124],"location":[125],"on":[133],"boundary,":[136],"surface-based":[137],"measurements":[138],"made.":[141],"The":[142],"concept,":[144],"structure,":[147],"rendering":[149],"measurement":[151],"algorithms,":[152],"examples":[154],"drawn":[155],"from":[156],"medical":[157],"imaging":[158],"illustrate":[160],"these":[161],"concepts":[162],"are":[163],"described.>":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
