{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2293654033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.2003.0004","title":"The Friars Minor: An Order in the Church?","display_name":"The Friars Minor: An Order in the Church?","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2293654033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.2003.0004","mag":"2293654033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/frc.2003.0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.2003.0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.2003.0004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764679690","display_name":"Franciscan studies","issn_l":"0080-5459","issn":["0080-5459","1945-9718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315659","host_organization_name":"St. Bonaventure University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315659"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["St. Bonaventure University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Franciscan Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036294553","display_name":"Dominic V. Monti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dominic V. Monti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036294553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41621552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"1","first_page":"235","last_page":"252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10595","display_name":"Medieval Literature and History","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10595","display_name":"Medieval Literature and History","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12857","display_name":"Medieval Philosophy and Theology","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12999","display_name":"Medieval History and Crusades","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/franciscan-order","display_name":"Franciscan Order","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jacques-de-vitry","display_name":"Jacques de Vitry","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/francis-of-assisi","display_name":"Francis of Assisi","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-orders","display_name":"religious orders","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/franciscan-spirituality","display_name":"Franciscan spirituality","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology-of-religion","display_name":"sociology of religion","score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiritual-renewal","display_name":"spiritual renewal","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beguines","display_name":"beguines","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mendicant-orders","display_name":"mendicant orders","score":0.5070000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186857363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188055","display_name":"Siege","level":2,"score":0.82343989610672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.6059882640838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5955325365066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5007367134094238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779760435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5396169","display_name":"Minor (academic)","level":2,"score":0.49114224314689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.4575582444667816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43886598944664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24667770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187","display_name":"Religious studies","level":1,"score":0.3638527989387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3134517967700958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.28878533840179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.18372058868408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/frc.2003.0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.2003.0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/frc.2003.0004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764679690","display_name":"Franciscan studies","issn_l":"0080-5459","issn":["0080-5459","1945-9718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315659","host_organization_name":"St. Bonaventure University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315659"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["St. Bonaventure University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Franciscan Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W577714349","https://openalex.org/W580313872","https://openalex.org/W610079757","https://openalex.org/W633364067","https://openalex.org/W646743055","https://openalex.org/W657348235","https://openalex.org/W1511729436","https://openalex.org/W1999219765","https://openalex.org/W2025828793","https://openalex.org/W2035550142","https://openalex.org/W2047475049","https://openalex.org/W2058102743","https://openalex.org/W2508395141","https://openalex.org/W2785674893","https://openalex.org/W3145232584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2289853562","https://openalex.org/W748014708","https://openalex.org/W3129035347","https://openalex.org/W3160425347","https://openalex.org/W2093922166","https://openalex.org/W1608135727","https://openalex.org/W4321604840","https://openalex.org/W2491102990","https://openalex.org/W2981433932","https://openalex.org/W7058114418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"235":[0],"Franciscan":[1],"Studies":[2],"61":[3],"(2003)":[4],"The":[5,315,323],"Friars":[6],"Minor:":[7],"An":[8],"Order":[9],"in":[10,22,25,42,58,75,90,103,111,191,222,246,273,279,394,441,497,525,547,659],"the":[11,14,26,31,46,59,91,96,100,106,151,154,163,169,177,192,205,223,243,253,257,263,267,296,347,378,390,438,448,466,470,477,488,495,498,528,545,575,586,615,629,638,644,677],"Church?":[12],"Probably":[13],"most":[15],"informative":[16],"contemporary":[17],"description":[18,493],"of":[19,34,53,55,73,109,150,153,184,194,200,207,214,266,295,318,336,356,380,396,465,491,494,515,518,530,536,555,558,562,579,593,614,627,643,679],"religious":[20,141,646,668],"conditions":[21],"Western":[23,155],"Europe":[24],"early":[27,264],"thirteenth":[28],"century":[29],"is":[30,138,565,600],"Historia":[32,85,224,316],"Occidentalis":[33,86,317],"Jacques":[35,82,131,218,230,319,341,455,599],"de":[36,320],"Vitry.1":[37],"Jacques,":[38,337],"a":[39,64,135,140,145,232,286,333,533,541,552,590,634,666],"noted":[40],"preacher":[41,66],"Northern":[43],"France":[44],"and":[45,122,160,209,270,408,473,509,522,560,618],"Low":[47,254],"Countries,":[48],"was":[49,204,309,342],"an":[50,195,624],"enthusiastic":[51],"promoter":[52],"movements":[54,183],"spiritual":[56],"renewal":[57,185],"region.":[60],"His":[61,612],"renown":[62],"as":[63,71,329,632],"Crusade":[65,102],"led":[67],"to":[68,128,216,236,256,354,484,487,504,573,641,665],"his":[69,84,88,125,133,228,250,277,505],"election":[70],"bishop":[72],"Acre":[74],"1216,":[76,247],"where":[77],"he":[78,116,166,179,187,260,281,443,461,622],"served":[79],"until":[80],"1225.":[81],"composed":[83,501],"during":[87,105,276,447],"years":[89,453,584],"East.":[92],"He":[93],"probably":[94,500],"began":[95],"work":[97,134,308],"while":[98,248],"accompanying":[99],"Fifth":[101,449],"Egypt,":[104],"long":[107],"siege":[108],"Damietta":[110],"1219;":[112],"it":[113,118,137],"appears":[114],"that":[115,172,186,527,621,642,648],"completed":[117],"somewhere":[119],"between":[120,158,507],"1223":[121,508],"1225,":[123],"before":[124],"final":[126],"return":[127],"Europe.2":[129],"Although":[130],"entitles":[132],"history,":[136],"actually":[139],"sociology":[142],"written":[143],"from":[144,252,596,676],"preacher\u2019s":[146],"perspective.":[147],"Jacques\u2019":[148,386,492],"portrayal":[149],"state":[152],"Church":[156],"alternates":[157],"jeremiad":[159],"exhortation.":[161],"On":[162],"one":[164],"hand":[165],"starkly":[167],"depicts":[168],"various":[170,387],"evils":[171],"were":[173,589,657],"afflicting":[174],"Christendom;":[175],"on":[176,181,249,389,540],"other,":[178],"focuses":[180],"hopeful":[182],"saw":[188],"springing":[189],"up":[190],"midst":[193],"otherwise":[196],"gloomy":[197],"situation.":[198],"One":[199],"these":[201,548,580],"bright":[202],"spots":[203],"band":[206],"men":[208],"women":[210],"associated":[211,345],"with":[212,346,437,476,603],"Francis":[213,395,445],"Assisi,":[215],"which":[217],"devotes":[219],"considerable":[220],"attention":[221,486],"occidentalis.":[225],"Indeed,":[226],"over":[227],"career,":[229],"enjoyed":[231],"unique":[233],"vantage":[234,571],"point":[235,572,678],"comment":[237],"upon":[238],"this":[239,570,674],"revolutionary":[240],"development":[241],"within":[242,637],"Church.3":[244],"Already":[245],"way":[251,535],"Countries":[255],"Crusader":[258],"States,":[259],"had":[261,649],"witnessed":[262],"beginnings":[265],"\u201cLesser":[268],"Brothers":[269,472,588],"Lesser":[271,471,587,630],"Sisters\u201d":[272],"Umbria.4":[274],"Then,":[275],"sojourn":[278],"Acre,":[280],"became":[282],"thoroughly":[283],"1":[284,413],"For":[285],"good":[287],"brief":[288],"biography,":[289],"see":[290],"S.":[291],"C.":[292],"Ferruolo,":[293],"Dictionary":[294],"Middle":[297],"Ages":[298],"(New":[299,414],"York:":[300,415],"Charles":[301],"Scribner\u2019s":[302],"Sons),":[303],"7":[304],"[1986]:":[305],"39-40.":[306],"This":[307],"edited":[310],"by":[311],"John":[312],"F.":[313,434],"Hinnebusch,":[314,381],"Vitry":[321],"(Fribourg:":[322],"University":[324],"Press,":[325,418],"1972),":[326],"hereafter":[327],"cited":[328],"HO;":[330],"Hinnebusch":[331],"provides":[332],"detailed":[334],"biography":[335],"pp.":[338],"331":[339],".":[340],"very":[343,604],"closely":[344],"emerging":[348],"Beguine":[349],"movement,":[350],"being":[351],"deeply":[352],"devoted":[353],"Marie":[355],"Oignies.":[357],"2":[358],"Armando":[359],"Quaglia,":[360],"\u201cSulla":[361],"datazione":[362],"e":[363],"il":[364],"valore":[365],"della":[366],"\u2018Historia":[367],"occidentalis\u2019":[368],"di":[369],"Giacomo":[370],"Vitry,\u201d":[371],"Miscellanea":[372],"francescana":[373],"83":[374],"(1983):":[375],"177-92,":[376],"revising":[377],"judgment":[379],"17-20.":[382],"3":[383],"HO,":[384],"158-163.":[385],"comments":[388],"Franciscans":[391,496],"are":[392],"translated":[393],"Assisi:":[397],"Early":[398],"Documents,":[399],"ed.":[400],"Regis":[401],"J":[402],"Armstrong,":[403],"J.":[404,410],"A.":[405],"Wayne":[406],"Hellmann,":[407],"William":[409],"Short,":[411],"Volume":[412],"New":[416],"City":[417],"1999),":[419],"578-589":[420],"(hereafter":[421],"FAED).":[422],"4":[423],"\u201cLetter":[424],"I,\u201d":[425],"FAED,":[426],"1:":[427],"578-580.":[428],"236":[429],"DOMINIC":[430],"V.":[431],"MONTI,":[432],"O.":[433],"M.":[435],"acquainted":[436],"new":[439],"brotherhood;":[440],"fact":[442],"met":[444],"himself":[446],"Crusade.5":[450],"A":[451],"few":[452],"later":[454],"again":[456],"visited":[457],"Italy":[458],"(1222-23),":[459],"there":[460],"no":[462],"doubt":[463],"learned":[464],"latest":[467],"developments":[468],"among":[469],"their":[474],"relations":[475],"Papal":[478],"Court.6":[479],"I":[480],"would":[481],"like":[482],"here":[483],"draw":[485],"opening":[489],"lines":[490],"Historia,":[499],"after":[502],"returning":[503],"see,":[506],"1225:":[510],"We":[511],"have":[512,672],"spoken":[513],"earlier":[514],"three":[516],"types":[517],"religious:":[519],"hermits,":[520],"monks,":[521],"canons.":[523],"But":[524],"order":[526],"edifice":[529],"those":[531],"observing":[532],"regular":[534],"life":[537,652],"might":[538],"stand":[539],"solid":[542],"four-square":[543],"foundation,":[544],"Lord":[546],"days":[549],"has":[550],"added":[551],"fourth":[553],"institute":[554],"religion,":[556],"norm":[557],"order,":[559],"holiness":[561],"rule.7":[563],"It":[564],"difficult":[566],"for":[567,653],"us":[568],"at":[569],"grasp":[574],"truly":[576],"remarkable":[577],"significance":[578],"words.":[581],"Only":[582],"fifteen":[583],"previously":[585],"rag-tag":[591],"brotherhood":[592,664],"lay":[594,662],"\u201cpenitents":[595],"Assisi.\u201d8":[597],"Now":[598],"introducing":[601],"them":[602],"formal":[605],"\u2013":[606,609],"indeed,":[607],"sacral":[608],"ecclesiastical":[610],"language.":[611],"use":[613],"terms":[616],"\u201creligion\u201d":[617],"\u201corder\u201d":[619],"indicate":[620],"viewed":[623],"apparent":[625],"group":[626],"parvenus,":[628],"Brothers,":[631],"playing":[633],"God-given":[635],"role":[636],"Church,":[639],"equal":[640],"ancient":[645],"orders":[647],"enriched":[650],"its":[651],"centuries.":[654],"What":[655],"factors":[656],"involved":[658],"transforming":[660],"Francis\u2019s":[661],"penitential":[663],"canonical":[667],"order?":[669],"Most":[670],"studies":[671],"answered":[673],"question":[675],"view":[680],"of...":[681]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}