{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2292586413","doi":null,"title":"Astrocyte-derived nitric oxide in manganese neurotoxicity: from cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying selective neuronal vulnerability in the basal ganglia to potential therapeutic modalities","display_name":"Astrocyte-derived nitric oxide in manganese neurotoxicity: from cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying selective neuronal vulnerability in the basal ganglia to potential therapeutic modalities","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2292586413","mag":"2292586413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:oaktrust.library.tamu.edu:1969.1/4958","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4958","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400291","display_name":"OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","host_organization_name":"Texas A&M University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4958","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xuhong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-9839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-9839"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuhong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-9839","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese-neurotoxicity","display_name":"manganese neurotoxicity","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganism","display_name":"manganism","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase","display_name":"inducible nitric oxide synthase","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-ganglia","display_name":"basal ganglia","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/striatum","display_name":"striatum","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globus-pallidus","display_name":"globus pallidus","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine-depletion","display_name":"dopamine depletion","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocyte-activation","display_name":"astrocyte activation","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peroxynitrite","display_name":"peroxynitrite","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-apoptosis","display_name":"neuronal apoptosis","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nf-kappab","display_name":"NF-\u03baB","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ikappabalpha","display_name":"I\u03baB\u03b1","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ppargamma-agonists","display_name":"PPAR\u03b3 agonists","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pc12-cells","display_name":"PC12 cells","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocyte-neuron-co-culture","display_name":"astrocyte-neuron co-culture","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinergic-interneurons","display_name":"cholinergic interneurons","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement-disorders","display_name":"movement disorders","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779491297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3338704","display_name":"Neurotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.6693508625030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777542381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502961","display_name":"Astrocyte","level":3,"score":0.6508064866065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519581460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207843","display_name":"Nitric oxide","level":2,"score":0.6238912343978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778187257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464210","display_name":"Basal ganglia","level":3,"score":0.6128096580505371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780278869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759633","display_name":"Globus pallidus","level":4,"score":0.5745353698730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780062018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319792","display_name":"Striatum","level":3,"score":0.5211284756660461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777622882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417619","display_name":"Nitric oxide synthase","level":3,"score":0.5001721382141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4827806055545807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.452603280544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.40218621492385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.37492746114730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.3697565793991089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.35273879766464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3395196199417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2121652066707611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.17688807845115662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.11108770966529846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:oaktrust.library.tamu.edu:1969.1/4958","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4958","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400291","display_name":"OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","host_organization_name":"Texas A&M University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2292586413","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/1969.1/4958/1/etd-tamu-2005C-TOXI-Liu.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:oaktrust.library.tamu.edu:1969.1/4958","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4958","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400291","display_name":"OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","host_organization_name":"Texas A&M University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2292586413.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2292586413.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":347,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5712728","https://openalex.org/W13199988","https://openalex.org/W38866710","https://openalex.org/W46654708","https://openalex.org/W49273228","https://openalex.org/W77541376","https://openalex.org/W97692387","https://openalex.org/W117786004","https://openalex.org/W150246076","https://openalex.org/W151173115","https://openalex.org/W157175025","https://openalex.org/W199354732","https://openalex.org/W199952077","https://openalex.org/W205477417","https://openalex.org/W962922507","https://openalex.org/W1248810041","https://openalex.org/W1483126537","https://openalex.org/W1495963897","https://openalex.org/W1498522163","https://openalex.org/W1510134239","https://openalex.org/W1521153377","https://openalex.org/W1534977663","https://openalex.org/W1539688129","https://openalex.org/W1556599665","https://openalex.org/W1557296944","https://openalex.org/W1568628619","https://openalex.org/W1577637371","https://openalex.org/W1587566573","https://openalex.org/W1591881963","https://openalex.org/W1593381649","https://openalex.org/W1595132971","https://openalex.org/W1595816980","https://openalex.org/W1597166386","https://openalex.org/W1598160701","https://openalex.org/W1604526865","https://openalex.org/W1613446635","https://openalex.org/W1710974093","https://openalex.org/W1713124107","https://openalex.org/W1802842643","https://openalex.org/W1818159306","https://openalex.org/W1834273677","https://openalex.org/W1936042811","https://openalex.org/W1942398216","https://openalex.org/W1958675123","https://openalex.org/W1963638430","https://openalex.org/W1964126982","https://openalex.org/W1964644565","https://openalex.org/W1965058910","https://openalex.org/W1965857385","https://openalex.org/W1965869866","https://openalex.org/W1965933264","https://openalex.org/W1966011852","https://openalex.org/W1966086465","https://openalex.org/W1966980993","https://openalex.org/W1967093335","https://openalex.org/W1967301594","https://openalex.org/W1967315954","https://openalex.org/W1967349354","https://openalex.org/W1969091206","https://openalex.org/W1969195984","https://openalex.org/W1969540951","https://openalex.org/W1970566680","https://openalex.org/W1970668400","https://openalex.org/W1970822193","https://openalex.org/W1971106588","https://openalex.org/W1971163107","https://openalex.org/W1971906792","https://openalex.org/W1972430919","https://openalex.org/W1972964047","https://openalex.org/W1974377824","https://openalex.org/W1975759372","https://openalex.org/W1975814998","https://openalex.org/W1975996671","https://openalex.org/W1976616991","https://openalex.org/W1976749972","https://openalex.org/W1976944744","https://openalex.org/W1977118330","https://openalex.org/W1977394169","https://openalex.org/W1979761686","https://openalex.org/W1979864353","https://openalex.org/W1980979304","https://openalex.org/W1981123990","https://openalex.org/W1981705617","https://openalex.org/W1981796223","https://openalex.org/W1982042823","https://openalex.org/W1982133637","https://openalex.org/W1982286831","https://openalex.org/W1984710359","https://openalex.org/W1985050254","https://openalex.org/W1985252353","https://openalex.org/W1985289402","https://openalex.org/W1985487558","https://openalex.org/W1987080089","https://openalex.org/W1987269436","https://openalex.org/W1987284426","https://openalex.org/W1988041026","https://openalex.org/W1988836643","https://openalex.org/W1989066796","https://openalex.org/W1989594490","https://openalex.org/W1990083304","https://openalex.org/W1990747492","https://openalex.org/W1990770450","https://openalex.org/W1990798856","https://openalex.org/W1991603311","https://openalex.org/W1991961175","https://openalex.org/W1992630712","https://openalex.org/W1992729478","https://openalex.org/W1993068285","https://openalex.org/W1994372862","https://openalex.org/W1994748186","https://openalex.org/W1995628367","https://openalex.org/W1995840214","https://openalex.org/W1997536241","https://openalex.org/W1998346093","https://openalex.org/W1998788702","https://openalex.org/W1999087883","https://openalex.org/W1999211242","https://openalex.org/W2000556085","https://openalex.org/W2000703669","https://openalex.org/W2001334798","https://openalex.org/W2002034943","https://openalex.org/W2002562482","https://openalex.org/W2003136004","https://openalex.org/W2004289959","https://openalex.org/W2005209827","https://openalex.org/W2005441705","https://openalex.org/W2005974815","https://openalex.org/W2006057621","https://openalex.org/W2007456673","https://openalex.org/W2007702111","https://openalex.org/W2007813076","https://openalex.org/W2007856779","https://openalex.org/W2008072540","https://openalex.org/W2008100685","https://openalex.org/W2008194780","https://openalex.org/W2008353153","https://openalex.org/W2009318929","https://openalex.org/W2009619647","https://openalex.org/W2009730483","https://openalex.org/W2009910392","https://openalex.org/W2009918610","https://openalex.org/W2010055809","https://openalex.org/W2011776534","https://openalex.org/W2013063789","https://openalex.org/W2013141548","https://openalex.org/W2013201991","https://openalex.org/W2013653760","https://openalex.org/W2013887112","https://openalex.org/W2015470384","https://openalex.org/W2017860510","https://openalex.org/W2018068740","https://openalex.org/W2019350522","https://openalex.org/W2020010312","https://openalex.org/W2021540475","https://openalex.org/W2022764592","https://openalex.org/W2023910555","https://openalex.org/W2024299232","https://openalex.org/W2024780119","https://openalex.org/W2024862570","https://openalex.org/W2024876727","https://openalex.org/W2025215902","https://openalex.org/W2025540146","https://openalex.org/W2025656158","https://openalex.org/W2025678369","https://openalex.org/W2026547228","https://openalex.org/W2028680240","https://openalex.org/W2029015057","https://openalex.org/W2029064003","https://openalex.org/W2031149424","https://openalex.org/W2031170958","https://openalex.org/W2032877063","https://openalex.org/W2032888143","https://openalex.org/W2033904402","https://openalex.org/W2035148839","https://openalex.org/W2035162752","https://openalex.org/W2035752728","https://openalex.org/W2038058487","https://openalex.org/W2039142811","https://openalex.org/W2039626545","https://openalex.org/W2041066813","https://openalex.org/W2043286349","https://openalex.org/W2043557761","https://openalex.org/W2043676089","https://openalex.org/W2043692902","https://openalex.org/W2044523838","https://openalex.org/W2044756747","https://openalex.org/W2047380988","https://openalex.org/W2048744799","https://openalex.org/W2048941040","https://openalex.org/W2048960021","https://openalex.org/W2049109427","https://openalex.org/W2049180587","https://openalex.org/W2049382869","https://openalex.org/W2050007256","https://openalex.org/W2050283646","https://openalex.org/W2051405404","https://openalex.org/W2052257773","https://openalex.org/W2053650795","https://openalex.org/W2054051657","https://openalex.org/W2055270900","https://openalex.org/W2055347677","https://openalex.org/W2056145524","https://openalex.org/W2056459247","https://openalex.org/W2056807205","https://openalex.org/W2057956755","https://openalex.org/W2058642028","https://openalex.org/W2058684269","https://openalex.org/W2058868074","https://openalex.org/W2059308642","https://openalex.org/W2059944224","https://openalex.org/W2060302535","https://openalex.org/W2061830076","https://openalex.org/W2062232335","https://openalex.org/W2062351166","https://openalex.org/W2062384458","https://openalex.org/W2063256798","https://openalex.org/W2064139713","https://openalex.org/W2064392759","https://openalex.org/W2064621914","https://openalex.org/W2065345219","https://openalex.org/W2067055660","https://openalex.org/W2067123067","https://openalex.org/W2069867999","https://openalex.org/W2070236309","https://openalex.org/W2071553665","https://openalex.org/W2071986178","https://openalex.org/W2072304064","https://openalex.org/W2072648065","https://openalex.org/W2073874706","https://openalex.org/W2074948983","https://openalex.org/W2076056524","https://openalex.org/W2076182235","https://openalex.org/W2076463547","https://openalex.org/W2076989525","https://openalex.org/W2079790613","https://openalex.org/W2079978238","https://openalex.org/W2081552862","https://openalex.org/W2081706834","https://openalex.org/W2082806735","https://openalex.org/W2082895331","https://openalex.org/W2083226225","https://openalex.org/W2083362231","https://openalex.org/W2084793329","https://openalex.org/W2087110972","https://openalex.org/W2087638035","https://openalex.org/W2087647782","https://openalex.org/W2088476270","https://openalex.org/W2089170688","https://openalex.org/W2091664481","https://openalex.org/W2091803091","https://openalex.org/W2091831785","https://openalex.org/W2092445380","https://openalex.org/W2092531610","https://openalex.org/W2092662430","https://openalex.org/W2093131325","https://openalex.org/W2093573816","https://openalex.org/W2095124740","https://openalex.org/W2095365896","https://openalex.org/W2096741239","https://openalex.org/W2097293665","https://openalex.org/W2097699566","https://openalex.org/W2098297789","https://openalex.org/W2098585148","https://openalex.org/W2099445688","https://openalex.org/W2100277605","https://openalex.org/W2104841128","https://openalex.org/W2106295403","https://openalex.org/W2107800314","https://openalex.org/W2108547360","https://openalex.org/W2112509605","https://openalex.org/W2115153703","https://openalex.org/W2120566903","https://openalex.org/W2121965026","https://openalex.org/W2123898551","https://openalex.org/W2125407940","https://openalex.org/W2125823894","https://openalex.org/W2127155392","https://openalex.org/W2127532387","https://openalex.org/W2128464706","https://openalex.org/W2131059399","https://openalex.org/W2131158462","https://openalex.org/W2133941138","https://openalex.org/W2134975525","https://openalex.org/W2135121318","https://openalex.org/W2135282721","https://openalex.org/W2135691115","https://openalex.org/W2138152051","https://openalex.org/W2138559670","https://openalex.org/W2140458239","https://openalex.org/W2140675019","https://openalex.org/W2141716990","https://openalex.org/W2143241514","https://openalex.org/W2143688683","https://openalex.org/W2143850783","https://openalex.org/W2144473903","https://openalex.org/W2144942481","https://openalex.org/W2145213346","https://openalex.org/W2145373251","https://openalex.org/W2145752889","https://openalex.org/W2147408274","https://openalex.org/W2147944081","https://openalex.org/W2149967205","https://openalex.org/W2151438638","https://openalex.org/W2153274399","https://openalex.org/W2154906695","https://openalex.org/W2155058308","https://openalex.org/W2156177292","https://openalex.org/W2156969587","https://openalex.org/W2158812871","https://openalex.org/W2161525508","https://openalex.org/W2163159878","https://openalex.org/W2164016655","https://openalex.org/W2167596663","https://openalex.org/W2168954059","https://openalex.org/W2169486888","https://openalex.org/W2169889836","https://openalex.org/W2202133182","https://openalex.org/W2206390606","https://openalex.org/W2215413276","https://openalex.org/W2223833250","https://openalex.org/W2228657238","https://openalex.org/W2248493017","https://openalex.org/W2265555029","https://openalex.org/W2275513263","https://openalex.org/W2284154440","https://openalex.org/W2308434411","https://openalex.org/W2319744634","https://openalex.org/W2336893408","https://openalex.org/W2339347561","https://openalex.org/W2348354975","https://openalex.org/W2382955916","https://openalex.org/W2397155450","https://openalex.org/W2402804522","https://openalex.org/W2403334878","https://openalex.org/W2406911194","https://openalex.org/W2408958446","https://openalex.org/W2409385411","https://openalex.org/W2410056921","https://openalex.org/W2411424185","https://openalex.org/W2412261528","https://openalex.org/W2413654241","https://openalex.org/W2415971737","https://openalex.org/W2417775714","https://openalex.org/W2417889893","https://openalex.org/W2463192357","https://openalex.org/W2470440121","https://openalex.org/W4293202361"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115887372","https://openalex.org/W2035162752","https://openalex.org/W1982963480","https://openalex.org/W2104849526","https://openalex.org/W2112804589","https://openalex.org/W1994748186","https://openalex.org/W1984384644","https://openalex.org/W4393303739","https://openalex.org/W4389034231","https://openalex.org/W2377255220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chronic":[0],"exposure":[1,129],"to":[2,16,34,66,175],"manganese":[3],"(Mn)":[4],"causes":[5],"the":[6,21,46,55,67,114,118,132,147,255,268,292,298,318],"neurodegenerative":[7],"movement":[8],"disorder,":[9],"manganism.":[10],"A":[11,59],"mouse":[12],"model":[13],"was":[14,52,64,154,202],"developed":[15],"elucidate":[17],"mechanisms":[18],"involved":[19,316],"in":[20,116,157,159,189,216,225,248,267,283,305,317,323],"etiology":[22],"and":[23,83,101,120,136,139,173,177,181,186,231,287,307,325],"progression":[24],"of":[25,57,62,69,89,95,103,149,195,199,206,210,237,243,254,280,320,328],"injury.":[26,309],"Twelve-week":[27],"old":[28],"female":[29],"C57Bl/6J":[30],"mice":[31],"were":[32,110,168,265],"exposed":[33,174],"MnCl2":[35],"(100":[36],"mg/kg/day)":[37],"by":[38,204],"oral":[39],"gavage":[40],"daily":[41],"for":[42,336],"8":[43],"weeks.":[44],"After":[45],"experiment":[47],"striatal":[48],"dopamine":[49],"(DA)":[50],"content":[51],"decreased":[53],"with":[54,93,170,193],"manifestation":[56],"hypoactivity.":[58],"distinct":[60],"population":[61],"neurons":[63],"vulnerable":[65],"effects":[68],"Mn,":[70],"including":[71],"enkephalin":[72],"(ENK)-positive":[73],"projection":[74],"neurons,":[75],"interneurons":[76],"expressing":[77],"neuronal":[78,308],"nitric":[79,97,104],"oxide":[80,98,105],"synthetase":[81],"(nNOS/NOS1),":[82],"choline":[84],"acetyltransferase":[85],"(ChAT)-expressing":[86],"interneurons.":[87],"Activation":[88],"surrounding":[90],"astrocytes":[91,109,172,284,306,324],"occurred":[92],"expression":[94,185,215,236,282,322],"inducible":[96],"synthase":[99],"(iNOS/NOS2)":[100],"production":[102,144,188,304],"(NO)/peroxynitrite":[106],"(ONOO-).":[107],"Activated":[108],"detected":[111],"primarily":[112],"near":[113],"microvasculature":[115],"both":[117,302],"striatum":[119],"globus":[121],"pallidus":[122],"(GP).":[123],"It":[124,218,310],"is":[125,219,311,315],"suggested":[126],"that":[127,212,221,313,326],"Mn":[128,176,180,286,337],"may":[130,145,330],"damage":[131],"blood-brain":[133],"barrier":[134],"(BBB)":[135],"induce":[137],"astrocytosis":[138],"NOS2":[140,184,214,281,321],"expression,":[141],"subsequent":[142],"NO":[143,187,230,303],"cause":[146],"death":[148],"adjacent":[150],"neurons.":[151],"This":[152],"hypothesis":[153],"also":[155],"tested":[156],"an":[158],"vitro":[160],"co-culture":[161,270],"model.":[162],"Differentiated":[163],"pheochromocytoma":[164],"cells":[165,201,227,275],"(PC12":[166],"cells)":[167],"co-cultured":[169],"primary":[171],"inflammatory":[178,246],"cytokines.":[179],"cytokines":[182,288],"induced":[183],"astrocytes,":[190,249],"which":[191],"correlated":[192],"apoptosis":[194,224,277],"PC12":[196,200,226,274],"cells.":[197],"Apoptosis":[198],"prevented":[203],"overexpression":[205],"a":[207,250,332],"phosphorylation-deficient":[208],"mutant":[209],"I\u03baB\u03b1":[211],"inhibited":[213],"astrocytes.":[217],"concluded":[220,312],"Mn-and":[222],"cytokine-dependent":[223],"requires":[228],"astrocyte-derived":[229],"nuclear":[232],"factor":[233],"\u03baB":[234],"(NF-\u03baB)-dependent":[235],"NOS2.":[238],"To":[239],"explore":[240],"possible":[241],"means":[242],"interdicting":[244],"this":[245],"process":[247],"noval":[251],"pharmacologic":[252],"ligands":[253],"peroxisome":[256],"proliferator-activated":[257],"receptor":[258],"gamma":[259],"(PPAR\u03b3)":[260],"agonist,":[261],"1,1-Bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)":[262],"methane":[263],"(DIM-C-pPhCF3)":[264],"used":[266],"same":[269],"system.":[271],"DIM-C-pPhCF3":[272],"protected":[273],"from":[276],"through":[278],"inhibition":[279],"after":[285],"exposure.":[289],"By":[290],"contrast,":[291],"PPAR\u03b3":[293,314,329],"antagonist,":[294],"2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide":[295],"(GW9622),":[296],"had":[297],"opposite":[299],"effect,":[300],"increasing":[301],"regulation":[319],"agonists":[327],"represent":[331],"potential":[333],"treatment":[334],"method":[335],"neurotoxicity.":[338]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}