{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2292393779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mov010","title":"A crisis of constitutional democracy in post-Communist Europe: \"Lands in-between\" democracy and authoritarianism","display_name":"A crisis of constitutional democracy in post-Communist Europe: \"Lands in-between\" democracy and authoritarianism","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2292393779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mov010","mag":"2292393779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/icon/mov010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mov010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mov010","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/icon/article-pdf/13/1/219/5073565/mov010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7938327","display_name":"International Journal of Constitutional Law","issn_l":"1474-2640","issn":["1474-2640","1474-2659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Constitutional Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/icon/article-pdf/13/1/219/5073565/mov010.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035395953","display_name":"Bojan Bugari\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-8043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-8043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB","SI","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Bugaric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Visiting Researcher, Center for European Studies, Harvard University","University of Sheffield, Department of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Visiting Researcher, Center for European Studies, Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I153976015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Department of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035395953"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I153976015","https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":2919,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3849},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":67.1872,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99850248,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"219","last_page":"245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.538100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.538100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.2667999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14005","display_name":"Eastern European Communism and Reforms","score":0.0421999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-democracy","display_name":"constitutional democracy","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illiberal-democracy","display_name":"illiberal democracy","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoritarianism","display_name":"authoritarianism","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-law","display_name":"rule of law","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-backsliding","display_name":"democratic backsliding","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-and-eastern-europe","display_name":"Central and Eastern Europe","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hungary","display_name":"Hungary","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slovenia","display_name":"Slovenia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eurozone-crisis","display_name":"eurozone crisis","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-independence","display_name":"judicial independence","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-independence","display_name":"media independence","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ombudsmen","display_name":"ombudsmen","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-organizations","display_name":"human rights organizations","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-consolidation","display_name":"democratic consolidation","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68346564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6229","display_name":"Authoritarianism","level":4,"score":0.9157505035400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.8240376710891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6519826650619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111439079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192125","display_name":"Liberal democracy","level":4,"score":0.6258972883224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5891176462173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.4857090413570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776847301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44918","display_name":"Rule of law","level":3,"score":0.47851693630218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4614834189414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.23908832669258118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.20425894856452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.193180114030838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/icon/mov010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mov010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mov010","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/icon/article-pdf/13/1/219/5073565/mov010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7938327","display_name":"International Journal of Constitutional Law","issn_l":"1474-2640","issn":["1474-2640","1474-2659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Constitutional Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2292393779","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2777180_code1896061.pdf?abstractid=2777180&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/icon/mov010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mov010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mov010","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/icon/article-pdf/13/1/219/5073565/mov010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7938327","display_name":"International Journal of Constitutional Law","issn_l":"1474-2640","issn":["1474-2640","1474-2659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Constitutional Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2292393779.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2292393779.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011917467","https://openalex.org/W2184022938","https://openalex.org/W2462169607","https://openalex.org/W3047193664","https://openalex.org/W3093071578","https://openalex.org/W4231104477","https://openalex.org/W2778364192","https://openalex.org/W4406299576","https://openalex.org/W4256329060","https://openalex.org/W2808625742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Just":[0],"ten":[1],"years":[2],"after":[3],"their":[4,67,71],"triumphant":[5],"\u201creturn":[6],"to":[7,133],"Europe\u201d":[8],"in":[9,44,51,101],"2004,":[10],"Central":[11],"and":[12,77,82,87,95,114,121,155],"Eastern":[13],"European":[14],"(CEE)":[15],"countries":[16,46,144],"are":[17,47,93,130],"facing":[18],"a":[19,33,80,110,137],"very":[20],"serious":[21],"crisis":[22],"of":[23,85,109,141,153],"constitutional":[24],"democracy.":[25],"This":[26,36],"crisis\u2014which":[27],"coincides":[28],"with":[29,63,164],"the":[30,41,99,106,125,162],"Eurozone":[31],"crisis\u2014has":[32],"specific":[34],"origin.":[35],"article":[37],"will":[38],"show":[39],"that":[40],"rule-of-law":[42],"institutions":[43,69,92],"these":[45],"less":[48],"robust":[49],"than":[50],"Western":[52,57],"countries.":[53],"In":[54,136],"other":[55],"words,":[56],"democracies":[58,129,148],"can":[59],"cope":[60],"more":[61],"successfully":[62],"various":[64],"attacks":[65],"on":[66],"liberal":[68],"because":[70],"courts,":[72],"media,":[73],"human":[74],"rights":[75],"organizations,":[76],"ombudsmen":[78],"have":[79],"longer":[81],"better-developed":[83],"tradition":[84],"independence":[86],"professionalism.":[88],"Conversely,":[89],"where":[90],"such":[91],"weak":[94],"underdeveloped,":[96],"as":[97],"is":[98,104,161],"case":[100],"CEE,":[102],"there":[103],"always":[105],"potential":[107],"danger":[108],"drift":[111],"towards":[112],"authoritarianism":[113],"\u201cilliberal":[115],"democracy.\u201d":[116],"As":[117],"examples":[118],"from":[119,146],"Hungary":[120],"Slovenia":[122],"show,":[123],"even":[124],"most":[126],"advanced":[127],"CEE":[128],"not":[131],"immune":[132],"this":[134,166],"backsliding.":[135],"relatively":[138],"short":[139],"period":[140],"time,":[142],"both":[143],"regressed":[145],"consolidated":[147],"into":[149],"two":[150],"distinct":[151],"forms":[152],"semi-authoritarian":[154],"diminished":[156],"democratic":[157],"regimes.":[158],"Particular":[159],"worrying":[160],"ease":[163],"which":[165],"regression":[167],"occurred.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
