{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2291545355","doi":null,"title":"THE COST OF INTERNAL VARIETY: A NON-LINEAR OPTIMIZATION MODEL","display_name":"THE COST OF INTERNAL VARIETY: A NON-LINEAR OPTIMIZATION MODEL","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2291545355","mag":"2291545355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2291545355","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://m.designsociety.org/download-publication/19016/the_cost_of_internal_variety_a_non-linear_optimization_model","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508443","display_name":"International Design Conference (DESIGN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DS 36: Proceedings DESIGN 2006, the 9th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065662532","display_name":"Tomasz Nowak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3018-0439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3018-0439"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Nowak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3018-0439","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014758883","display_name":"Marcin Chromniak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Chromniak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8402439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"309","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-families","display_name":"product families","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-differentiation","display_name":"product differentiation","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-programming-model","display_name":"nonlinear programming model","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-for-manufacture-and-assembly","display_name":"design for manufacturing and assembly","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-to-cost","display_name":"design-to-cost","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-reduction","display_name":"cost reduction","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-design","display_name":"product design","score":0.6470000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7556965351104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6723190546035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043226","display_name":"Product design","level":3,"score":0.6359871029853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121615247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247761","display_name":"Product engineering","level":4,"score":0.5515968203544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778337023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6753108","display_name":"Manufacturing cost","level":2,"score":0.5511955618858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5410032272338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.5201340317726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45135082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16960030","display_name":"Product design specification","level":4,"score":0.4845263361930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4554644525051117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19351080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395034","display_name":"New product development","level":2,"score":0.45508673787117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129875596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247753","display_name":"Product cost management","level":4,"score":0.42641839385032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194304873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967338","display_name":"Product lifecycle","level":3,"score":0.42628172039985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.41452038288116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.38530871272087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3480580449104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1502046287059784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14371994137763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07738983631134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.06674113869667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.05825245380401611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2291545355","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://m.designsociety.org/download-publication/19016/the_cost_of_internal_variety_a_non-linear_optimization_model","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508443","display_name":"International Design Conference (DESIGN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DS 36: Proceedings DESIGN 2006, the 9th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W638033141","https://openalex.org/W2067216035","https://openalex.org/W2510680289","https://openalex.org/W3135575998","https://openalex.org/W3135679211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971532288","https://openalex.org/W4400054230","https://openalex.org/W6986620079","https://openalex.org/W2331437779","https://openalex.org/W3135679211","https://openalex.org/W4401326166","https://openalex.org/W2310844497","https://openalex.org/W2499036925","https://openalex.org/W7008895909","https://openalex.org/W7003778952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manufacturing":[0,7],"oriented":[1],"design":[2,61],"methodologies":[3],"(e.g.":[4],"Design":[5,10],"for":[6,70],"and":[8,26,62,66,88],"Assembly,":[9],"to":[11,15,36,86],"Cost)":[12],"enable":[13],"engineers":[14],"create":[16],"product":[17,39,45,60,75,84,97,103],"designs":[18],"which":[19],"can":[20],"be":[21],"manufactured":[22],"at":[23],"low":[24],"cost":[25,73,91],"with":[27],"better":[28],"quality.":[29],"But":[30],"applying":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33],"theories":[34],"only":[35],"a":[37],"single":[38],"is":[40,77],"not":[41],"efficient":[42],"since,":[43],"the":[44,53,72,90,101],"families":[46],"are":[47,64],"usually":[48],"produced.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper":[52],"economic":[54],"aspects":[55],"of":[56,92],"internal":[57,102],"variety":[58],"in":[59],"manufacturing":[63],"analyzed":[65],"non-linear":[67],"decision":[68],"model":[69],"designing":[71],"effective":[74],"family":[76,98],"presented.":[78],"The":[79],"proposed":[80],"calculation":[81],"method":[82],"enables":[83],"managers":[85],"estimate":[87],"reduce":[89],"introducing":[93],"differentiation":[94],"into":[95],"their":[96],"by":[99],"optimizing":[100],"variety.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}