{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2291476735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.747","title":"The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Malaria","display_name":"The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Malaria","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2291476735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.747","mag":"2291476735","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7020453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100045985","display_name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0002-9637","issn":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315658","host_organization_name":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113568111","display_name":"Harrison C. Spencer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harrison C. Spencer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103513838","display_name":"William E. Collins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William E. Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109217579","display_name":"McWilson Warren","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McWilson Warren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109876787","display_name":"Geoffrey M. Jeffery","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey M. Jeffery","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112041589","display_name":"John Ogden Mason","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Mason","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067166594","display_name":"Alan Y. Huong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Y. Huong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063325675","display_name":"Peggy S. Stanfill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peggy S. Stanfill","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109843049","display_name":"Jimmie C. Skinner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimmie C. Skinner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88190184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"747","last_page":"750"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10296","display_name":"Vector-borne infectious diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria","display_name":"malaria","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmodium-falciparum","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serological-diagnosis","display_name":"serological diagnosis","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elisa","display_name":"ELISA","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-fluorescent-antibody","display_name":"indirect fluorescent antibody","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seroprevalence","display_name":"seroprevalence","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-seropositivity","display_name":"age-related seropositivity","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gametocytes","display_name":"gametocytes","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration-of-infection","display_name":"infection duration","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-test-agreement","display_name":"diagnostic test agreement","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/el-salvador","display_name":"El Salvador","score":0.6899999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45189115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502159","display_name":"Serology","level":3,"score":0.8797930479049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189","display_name":"Titer","level":3,"score":0.6788787841796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.6717507243156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99389464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3319949","display_name":"Gametocyte","level":4,"score":0.6470561027526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.6288893818855286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.586392879486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311383","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","level":3,"score":0.5798411965370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4900270700454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.36954569816589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3396577835083008}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004797","descriptor_name":"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005188","descriptor_name":"False Negative Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005455","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100045985","display_name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issn_l":"0002-9637","issn":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315658","host_organization_name":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7020453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7020453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2412904381","https://openalex.org/W2982620358","https://openalex.org/W2606097509","https://openalex.org/W2083562098","https://openalex.org/W2007451073","https://openalex.org/W3027382479","https://openalex.org/W1994959208","https://openalex.org/W2161429226","https://openalex.org/W7097140330","https://openalex.org/W7097447331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Serum":[0],"specimens":[1,70],"from":[2],"patients":[3],"in":[4,39,47,53,59,68,88,105,112,117,129,163,176,187,224],"El":[5],"Salvador,":[6],"Central":[7],"America,":[8],"with":[9,71],"slide-proven":[10],"Plasmodium":[11],"falciparum":[12,20],"infections":[13],"were":[14,37,86,127,144],"examined":[15],"for":[16,100],"antibodies":[17],"to":[18,95,139],"P.":[19],"using":[21],"the":[22,28,42,49,56,63,69,89,108,115,125,154,159,180,183,189,216,219],"enzyme-linked":[23],"immunosorbent":[24],"assay":[25],"(ELISA)":[26],"and":[27,55,82,103,114,170,198,218],"indirect":[29],"fluorescent":[30],"antibody":[31],"(IFA)":[32],"methods.":[33],"Both":[34],"serologic":[35,64,207],"tests":[36,65],"positive":[38,51,73,111],"78.1%":[40],"of":[41,132,142,149,156,191],"827":[43],"samples,":[44],"both":[45,101,168,215],"negative":[46],"5.4%,":[48],"ELISA":[50,102,116,126,169,217],"alone":[52,58],"6.3%,":[54],"IFA":[57,76,109,220],"10.2%.":[60],"Agreement":[61],"between":[62],"was":[66,110],"better":[67],"high":[72,78],"titers":[74,85],"(high":[75],"=":[77],"ELISA).":[79],"Seropositivity":[80],"rates":[81,122,166],"geometric":[83],"mean":[84],"higher":[87,164],"older":[90],"(greater":[91],"than":[92,136],"or":[93,137],"equal":[94,138],"15":[96],"years)":[97],"age":[98,143],"groups":[99],"IFA;":[104],"such":[106],"persons,":[107],"92%":[113],"88%.":[118],"The":[119,201],"lowest":[120],"seropositivity":[121],"found":[123],"by":[124,153,167],"observed":[128],"children;":[130],"27.6%":[131],"98":[133],"children":[134],"less":[135],"4":[140],"years":[141],"negative.":[145],"A":[146],"longer":[147],"duration":[148],"infection":[150],"as":[151,211],"evidenced":[152],"presence":[155],"gametocytes":[157],"on":[158],"blood":[160],"slide":[161],"resulted":[162],"positivity":[165],"IFA.":[171],"This":[172],"phenomenon,":[173],"particularly":[174],"apparent":[175],"young":[177],"children,":[178],"supports":[179],"belief":[181],"that":[182],"more":[184],"important":[185],"variable":[186],"determining":[188],"proportion":[190],"false":[192],"negatives":[193],"is":[194,209],"previous":[195],"malaria":[196],"experience":[197],"not":[199],"age.":[200],"results":[202],"indicate":[203],"that,":[204],"while":[205],"neither":[206],"test":[208],"appropriate":[210],"a":[212],"diagnostic":[213],"aid,":[214],"would":[221],"be":[222],"useful":[223],"epidemiologic":[225],"investigations.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}