{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2290322249","doi":null,"title":"Meta-analysis of risk prediction studies","display_name":"Meta-analysis of risk prediction studies","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2290322249","mag":"2290322249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.bham.ac.uk:6376","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6376/1/AhmedI15PhD.pdf","pdf_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6376/1/AhmedI15PhD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402357","display_name":"University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6376/1/AhmedI15PhD.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110674727","display_name":"Ikhlaaq Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ikhlaaq Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110674727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.01360000018030405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction-model","display_name":"risk prediction model","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-patient-data","display_name":"individual patient data","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate-data","display_name":"aggregated data","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-risk-models","display_name":"breast cancer risk models","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-validation","display_name":"external validation","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/study-heterogeneity","display_name":"study heterogeneity","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parathyroid-hormone","display_name":"parathyroid hormone","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-hypocalcemia","display_name":"postoperative hypocalcemia","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroidectomy","display_name":"thyroidectomy","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imputation","display_name":"imputation","score":0.8579999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5848902463912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5649605393409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.532220721244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5246596336364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.5090498328208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.4503355324268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.4420824944972992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35806190967559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.33827096223831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32350635528564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24203887581825256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.113141268491745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.bham.ac.uk:6376","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6376/1/AhmedI15PhD.pdf","pdf_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6376/1/AhmedI15PhD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402357","display_name":"University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2290322249","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/6376/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.bham.ac.uk:6376","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6376/1/AhmedI15PhD.pdf","pdf_url":"http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/6376/1/AhmedI15PhD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402357","display_name":"University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2290322249.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2290322249.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165156457","https://openalex.org/W1511622053","https://openalex.org/W1565130095","https://openalex.org/W1590666178","https://openalex.org/W1856800933","https://openalex.org/W1921657198","https://openalex.org/W1965885948","https://openalex.org/W1967495697","https://openalex.org/W1968038365","https://openalex.org/W1969298821","https://openalex.org/W1972600637","https://openalex.org/W1974007159","https://openalex.org/W1980098549","https://openalex.org/W1981583631","https://openalex.org/W1982070737","https://openalex.org/W1984234031","https://openalex.org/W1986504560","https://openalex.org/W1988375742","https://openalex.org/W1990005059","https://openalex.org/W1994224528","https://openalex.org/W1996761484","https://openalex.org/W1997293720","https://openalex.org/W1997889941","https://openalex.org/W2000442546","https://openalex.org/W2002045993","https://openalex.org/W2002821376","https://openalex.org/W2006940889","https://openalex.org/W2007276811","https://openalex.org/W2013840898","https://openalex.org/W2014215031","https://openalex.org/W2016832451","https://openalex.org/W2020196348","https://openalex.org/W2021066073","https://openalex.org/W2022044584","https://openalex.org/W2022309819","https://openalex.org/W2023003864","https://openalex.org/W2027298079","https://openalex.org/W2029455319","https://openalex.org/W2031524973","https://openalex.org/W2041412209","https://openalex.org/W2042080283","https://openalex.org/W2043146694","https://openalex.org/W2043355472","https://openalex.org/W2046205453","https://openalex.org/W2047270377","https://openalex.org/W2051411536","https://openalex.org/W2051483504","https://openalex.org/W2060950514","https://openalex.org/W2064658226","https://openalex.org/W2070921889","https://openalex.org/W2071601608","https://openalex.org/W2072078836","https://openalex.org/W2073449921","https://openalex.org/W2073736480","https://openalex.org/W2075829910","https://openalex.org/W2078954487","https://openalex.org/W2082376914","https://openalex.org/W2086274453","https://openalex.org/W2087339458","https://openalex.org/W2088575410","https://openalex.org/W2095174508","https://openalex.org/W2095967516","https://openalex.org/W2097528639","https://openalex.org/W2098400316","https://openalex.org/W2098433299","https://openalex.org/W2098667016","https://openalex.org/W2099356722","https://openalex.org/W2099644906","https://openalex.org/W2100493588","https://openalex.org/W2100741073","https://openalex.org/W2101457306","https://openalex.org/W2107328434","https://openalex.org/W2108116635","https://openalex.org/W2110032017","https://openalex.org/W2110467884","https://openalex.org/W2111061352","https://openalex.org/W2113178124","https://openalex.org/W2113801012","https://openalex.org/W2113957930","https://openalex.org/W2115098571","https://openalex.org/W2116186473","https://openalex.org/W2116466895","https://openalex.org/W2118302898","https://openalex.org/W2119907383","https://openalex.org/W2119910794","https://openalex.org/W2120696067","https://openalex.org/W2120959053","https://openalex.org/W2122891093","https://openalex.org/W2123704562","https://openalex.org/W2124704085","https://openalex.org/W2126727011","https://openalex.org/W2127864767","https://openalex.org/W2128222452","https://openalex.org/W2129567559","https://openalex.org/W2131949598","https://openalex.org/W2132663899","https://openalex.org/W2133848774","https://openalex.org/W2135206837","https://openalex.org/W2136085913","https://openalex.org/W2136698781","https://openalex.org/W2137161531","https://openalex.org/W2137670391","https://openalex.org/W2141553959","https://openalex.org/W2142183725","https://openalex.org/W2142298023","https://openalex.org/W2143995560","https://openalex.org/W2144398472","https://openalex.org/W2146404132","https://openalex.org/W2147527890","https://openalex.org/W2151578508","https://openalex.org/W2152096996","https://openalex.org/W2152575748","https://openalex.org/W2152662937","https://openalex.org/W2156098321","https://openalex.org/W2156653915","https://openalex.org/W2156831284","https://openalex.org/W2157069125","https://openalex.org/W2157375341","https://openalex.org/W2159235877","https://openalex.org/W2160970334","https://openalex.org/W2162491525","https://openalex.org/W2163958583","https://openalex.org/W2164849461","https://openalex.org/W2165664908","https://openalex.org/W2165762701","https://openalex.org/W2167112387","https://openalex.org/W2168153432","https://openalex.org/W2297716127","https://openalex.org/W2316911215","https://openalex.org/W4243505369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156831284","https://openalex.org/W4319656917","https://openalex.org/W2162491525","https://openalex.org/W2087410420","https://openalex.org/W2732663591","https://openalex.org/W2762982737","https://openalex.org/W7204125023","https://openalex.org/W6966506572","https://openalex.org/W3081056571","https://openalex.org/W1987915768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,78],"thesis":[1,184],"identifies":[2,79],"and":[3,38,90,95,145,168],"demonstrates":[4],"the":[5,85,169,173],"methodological":[6],"challenges":[7],"of":[8,27,99,192],"meta-analysing":[9],"risk":[10,70,193],"prediction":[11,71,194],"models":[12,31,47,195],"using":[13,40,73],"either":[14],"aggregate":[15,41],"data":[16,20],"or":[17],"individual":[18],"patient":[19],"(IPD).":[21],"\\n":[22,148,182,200,201],"\\nFirstly,":[23],"a":[24,57,69,187],"systematic":[25,58],"review":[26,59],"published":[28],"breast":[29],"cancer":[30],"is":[32,44,60,109,130,135,180],"performed,":[33],"to":[34,62,105,123,154,196],"summarise":[35],"their":[36],"content":[37],"performance":[39],"data.":[42],"It":[43,129],"found":[45],"that":[46,65,80,132],"were":[48],"not":[49],"available":[50],"for":[51,87,159],"comparison.":[52],"To":[53],"address":[54],"this":[55],"issue,":[56],"performed":[61],"examine":[63],"articles":[64,82],"develop":[66],"and/or":[67],"validate":[68],"model":[72,88],"IPD":[74,86,108,165],"from":[75,111],"multiple":[76],"studies.":[77,102],"most":[81],"only":[83],"use":[84],"development,":[89],"thus":[91],"ignore":[92,97],"external":[93],"validation,":[94],"also":[96,152],"clustering":[98,134],"patients":[100],"within":[101],"In":[103],"response":[104],"these":[106],"issues,":[107],"obtained":[110],"an":[112,156],"article":[113],"which":[114],"uses":[115],"parathyroid":[116],"hormone":[117],"(PTH)":[118],"assay":[119],"(a":[120],"continuous":[121],"variable)":[122],"predict":[124],"postoperative":[125],"hypocalcaemia":[126],"after":[127],"thyroidectomy.":[128],"shown":[131],"ignoring":[133],"inappropriate,":[136],"as":[137],"it":[138],"ignores":[139],"potential":[140],"between-study":[141],"heterogeneity":[142],"in":[143],"discrimination":[144],"calibration":[146],"performance.":[147],"\\nThis":[149,183],"dataset":[150],"was":[151],"used":[153],"evaluate":[155],"imputation":[157],"method":[158],"dealing":[160],"with":[161],"missing":[162],"thresholds":[163],"when":[164],"are":[166],"unavailable,":[167],"simulation":[170],"results":[171],"indicate":[172],"approach":[174],"performs":[175],"well,":[176],"though":[177],"further":[178],"research":[179],"required.":[181],"therefore":[185],"makes":[186],"positive":[188],"contribution":[189],"towards":[190],"meta-analysis":[191],"improve":[197],"clinical":[198],"practice.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}