{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2290147646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/681924","title":"Beyond the Metropolis: The Forgotten History of Small-Town Teachers\u2019 Unions","display_name":"Beyond the Metropolis: The Forgotten History of Small-Town Teachers\u2019 Unions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2290147646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/681924","mag":"2290147646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/681924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/681924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/681924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37813251","display_name":"American Journal of Education","issn_l":"0195-6744","issn":["0195-6744","1549-6511"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315690","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073414458","display_name":"Campbell F. Scribner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0562-5910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0562-5910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81461992","display_name":"Ohio Wesleyan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qj9qr34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Campbell F. Scribner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ohio Wesleyan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ohio Wesleyan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073414458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81461992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6375,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89491292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"121","issue":"4","first_page":"531","last_page":"561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13088","display_name":"Legal and Labor Studies","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-unions","display_name":"teachers' unions","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teachers-strikes","display_name":"teacher strikes","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-school-districts","display_name":"rural school districts","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suburban-school-districts","display_name":"suburban school districts","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-labour-law","display_name":"public employment law","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-bargaining","display_name":"collective bargaining","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-oversight","display_name":"democratic oversight","score":0.7929999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160151201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207946","display_name":"Arbitration","level":2,"score":0.7597566843032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6445199251174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6049943566322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.48676133155822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.45008084177970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775907739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201172","display_name":"Determinative","level":2,"score":0.4352138638496399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4183817505836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.41492223739624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4057964086532593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.401553750038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.39379042387008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13807711005210876}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/681924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/681924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/681924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37813251","display_name":"American Journal of Education","issn_l":"0195-6744","issn":["0195-6744","1549-6511"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315690","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35333444","https://openalex.org/W68650476","https://openalex.org/W585489771","https://openalex.org/W628031278","https://openalex.org/W1567526744","https://openalex.org/W1583324867","https://openalex.org/W1608361431","https://openalex.org/W1966864667","https://openalex.org/W1984456748","https://openalex.org/W1987333617","https://openalex.org/W2045117969","https://openalex.org/W2066186750","https://openalex.org/W2086303078","https://openalex.org/W2326983462","https://openalex.org/W2329111507","https://openalex.org/W2890231704","https://openalex.org/W2970225880","https://openalex.org/W4231356422","https://openalex.org/W4235427226","https://openalex.org/W4302072621","https://openalex.org/W4313822441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249374662","https://openalex.org/W4245193037","https://openalex.org/W2613539973","https://openalex.org/W6902663912","https://openalex.org/W2157532306","https://openalex.org/W4327605297","https://openalex.org/W4389135256","https://openalex.org/W4396975202","https://openalex.org/W4288437749","https://openalex.org/W2475994566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,75],"examines":[2],"the":[3,26,42,51,61,74,77,92,100,107],"legal":[4,78],"and":[5,13,19,56,65,70,102],"political":[6],"significance":[7],"of":[8,28,44,53,80,91,109],"teacher":[9,81],"unionization":[10],"in":[11,30,34,41,50,68,83],"rural":[12,69],"suburban":[14,71],"school":[15,66,72],"districts":[16,36],"between":[17,63],"1960":[18],"1975.":[20],"While":[21],"most":[22],"historians":[23],"focus":[24],"on":[25,106],"growth":[27],"unions":[29,64,112],"urban":[31],"areas,":[32],"strikes":[33,82],"outlying":[35],"played":[37],"a":[38,89,103],"determinative":[39],"role":[40],"development":[43],"public":[45,95],"sector":[46,96],"labor":[47,97],"law,":[48],"particularly":[49],"arbitration":[52],"professional":[54],"rights":[55],"democratic":[57],"oversight.":[58],"After":[59],"summarizing":[60],"relationship":[62],"boards":[67],"districts,":[73],"describes":[76],"impact":[79],"those":[84],"areas.":[85],"It":[86],"concludes":[87],"with":[88],"discussion":[90],"changes":[93],"to":[94],"law":[98],"during":[99],"1970s":[101],"brief":[104],"reflection":[105],"importance":[108],"small-town":[110],"teachers\u2019":[111],"today.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}