{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2290069739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/698133","title":"Are Men Given Priority for Top Jobs? Investigating the Glass Ceiling in Italian Academia","display_name":"Are Men Given Priority for Top Jobs? Investigating the Glass Ceiling in Italian Academia","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2290069739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/698133","mag":"2290069739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/698133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/698133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/698133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196716848","display_name":"Journal of Human Capital","issn_l":"1932-8575","issn":["1932-8575","1932-8664"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Capital","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2716599","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056734715","display_name":"Maria De Paola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1704-4136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1704-4136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197518295","display_name":"IZA - Institute of Labor Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/029s44460","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["DE","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria De Paola","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabria and Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabria and Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295","https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051942788","display_name":"Michela Ponzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5970-9415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5970-9415"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michela Ponzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082136672","display_name":"Vincenzo Scoppa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-0258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-0258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197518295","display_name":"IZA - Institute of Labor Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/029s44460","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["DE","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Scoppa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabria and Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabria and Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295","https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.665,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93906348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"475","last_page":"503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glass-ceiling","display_name":"glass ceiling","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-discrimination","display_name":"gender discrimination","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-promotion","display_name":"academic promotion","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-academia","display_name":"women in academia","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-professorship","display_name":"full professorship","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-gap","display_name":"gender gap","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-norms","display_name":"social norms","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italian-universities","display_name":"Italian universities","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779674044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048886","display_name":"Glass ceiling","level":2,"score":0.9407692551612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.7706989645957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589822","display_name":"Ceiling (cloud)","level":2,"score":0.6240218877792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.6238292455673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.556544303894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986619947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30103150","display_name":"Gender gap","level":2,"score":0.47480645775794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4178738296031952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.41065865755081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3990756869316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.37921851873397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34567150473594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3082447648048401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22327962517738342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18618246912956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09961351752281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/698133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/698133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/698133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196716848","display_name":"Journal of Human Capital","issn_l":"1932-8575","issn":["1932-8575","1932-8664"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Capital","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2716599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2716599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2716599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:clb:wpaper:201603","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ecostat.unical.it/RePEc/WorkingPapers/WP03_2016.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.ecostat.unical.it/RePEc/WorkingPapers/WP03_2016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9658","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.iza.org/dp9658.pdf","pdf_url":"https://docs.iza.org/dp9658.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sef:csefwp:428","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.csef.it/WP/wp428.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.csef.it/WP/wp428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unical.it:20.500.11770/287656","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/jhc/current","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196898","display_name":"Archive of Doctoral Theses and Digital Collections (University of Calabria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","host_organization_name":"University of Calabria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2290069739","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/130328","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/130328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2716599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2716599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2716599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510895434","https://openalex.org/W1549028405","https://openalex.org/W1972834292","https://openalex.org/W2007020067","https://openalex.org/W2038960993","https://openalex.org/W2049846550","https://openalex.org/W2053950034","https://openalex.org/W2076408974","https://openalex.org/W2080358256","https://openalex.org/W2097739985","https://openalex.org/W2102068269","https://openalex.org/W2111109274","https://openalex.org/W2117478289","https://openalex.org/W2129156960","https://openalex.org/W2132736842","https://openalex.org/W2140688319","https://openalex.org/W2170508806","https://openalex.org/W2249559215","https://openalex.org/W2490168127","https://openalex.org/W2603433569","https://openalex.org/W2890299086","https://openalex.org/W3121544778","https://openalex.org/W3123015728","https://openalex.org/W3124328763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789395701","https://openalex.org/W2991079583","https://openalex.org/W7009903341","https://openalex.org/W3088624708","https://openalex.org/W2607293180","https://openalex.org/W1621550374","https://openalex.org/W2795303118","https://openalex.org/W7161099441","https://openalex.org/W7110507065","https://openalex.org/W4412044833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,40],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,10,37,42,46,66,77],"gender":[3,43,62,85],"gap":[4],"in":[5,13,18,45],"academic":[6],"promotions,":[7],"focusing":[8],"on":[9],"Italian":[11],"system,":[12],"which":[14],"candidates":[15,30],"first":[16],"participate":[17],"a":[19,24,34,71],"nationwide":[20],"competition":[21],"to":[22,32],"obtain":[23,33],"scientific":[25],"qualification":[26],"and":[27],"then":[28],"successful":[29],"compete":[31],"position":[35],"at":[36,50,65,76],"department":[38,78],"level.":[39,79],"estimate":[41],"gaps":[44,86],"probability":[47,73],"of":[48,58,74,90],"success":[49],"these":[51],"two":[52],"stages,":[53],"controlling":[54],"for":[55],"several":[56],"measures":[57],"productivity.":[59],"Whereas":[60],"no":[61],"differences":[63],"emerge":[64],"national":[67],"level,":[68],"women":[69],"have":[70],"lower":[72],"promotion":[75],"Robustness":[80],"checks":[81],"suggest":[82],"that":[83],"estimated":[84],"are":[87],"not":[88],"results":[89],"measurement":[91],"errors.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
