{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2289943383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000899","title":"Assessing Relative Risk for the Failure Modes of a Bridge Scour Countermeasure","display_name":"Assessing Relative Risk for the Failure Modes of a Bridge Scour Countermeasure","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2289943383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000899","mag":"2289943383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156658909","display_name":"Journal of Bridge Engineering","issn_l":"1084-0702","issn":["1084-0702","1943-5592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bridge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089055696","display_name":"Fahmidah Ummul Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1765-5188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1765-5188"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahmidah U. Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visiting Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova Univ., Villanova, PA 19085","Visiting Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova Univ., Villanova, PA 19085. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova Univ., Villanova, PA 19085","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova Univ., Villanova, PA 19085. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104053119","display_name":"Peggy A. Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peggy A. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor and Head, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA 16802 (corresponding author)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor and Head, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA 16802 (corresponding author)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104053119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69072339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.2175000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.2175000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12022","display_name":"Hydraulic flow and structures","score":0.11330000311136246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13031","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering Research","score":0.08760000020265579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge-scour","display_name":"bridge scour","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scour-countermeasures","display_name":"scour countermeasures","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-modes","display_name":"failure modes","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-mode-and-effects-analysis","display_name":"failure mode and effects analysis","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-priority-number","display_name":"risk priority number","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"risk assessment","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prioritization","display_name":"risk prioritization","score":0.9350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.8843728303909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66283442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389268","display_name":"Failure mode and effects analysis","level":2,"score":0.6884514093399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6598289012908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.6160767674446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.47194308042526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.45843252539634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44710689783096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40816158056259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31987839937210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.30923330783843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2700108289718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14996084570884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156658909","display_name":"Journal of Bridge Engineering","issn_l":"1084-0702","issn":["1084-0702","1943-5592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bridge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308277","display_name":"Ohio Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/014303d61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310419","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W577754816","https://openalex.org/W801262662","https://openalex.org/W1537518931","https://openalex.org/W1775742979","https://openalex.org/W1821359207","https://openalex.org/W1960614526","https://openalex.org/W1971266982","https://openalex.org/W1974908382","https://openalex.org/W1983686086","https://openalex.org/W1993211917","https://openalex.org/W1994961181","https://openalex.org/W1995423287","https://openalex.org/W1998271614","https://openalex.org/W2000224872","https://openalex.org/W2002441621","https://openalex.org/W2024452671","https://openalex.org/W2046835320","https://openalex.org/W2055987312","https://openalex.org/W2056655166","https://openalex.org/W2058421880","https://openalex.org/W2067882158","https://openalex.org/W2089842760","https://openalex.org/W2124340168","https://openalex.org/W2128302762","https://openalex.org/W2137749025","https://openalex.org/W2154526113","https://openalex.org/W2161477106","https://openalex.org/W2163007781","https://openalex.org/W2167720416","https://openalex.org/W2168887539","https://openalex.org/W2337277686","https://openalex.org/W2732440938","https://openalex.org/W3198016184","https://openalex.org/W3200029322","https://openalex.org/W4232902909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002441621","https://openalex.org/W3012114785","https://openalex.org/W2529885201","https://openalex.org/W4251581532","https://openalex.org/W6885058964","https://openalex.org/W4327618484","https://openalex.org/W2801788492","https://openalex.org/W2036729469","https://openalex.org/W2168887539","https://openalex.org/W4379654627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Widely":[0],"used":[1],"failure":[2,19,39,57,148],"modes":[3,20,40,149],"and":[4,83,128,141],"effects":[5],"analysis":[6],"(FMEA)":[7],"can":[8],"be":[9,137],"very":[10],"effective":[11],"in":[12],"assessing":[13,34,140],"the":[14,18,35,47,62,88,96,109,116,120,123,126,143,147],"relative":[15,36,144],"risks":[16,37,110,145],"of":[17,21,38,41,49,61,71,78,95,98,130,146,150],"a":[22,42,74,151],"bridge":[23,43,152],"scour":[24,44,153],"countermeasure.":[25,154],"In":[26],"this":[27,131],"study,":[28],"an":[29],"approach":[30],"is":[31,64],"developed":[32],"for":[33,111,139],"countermeasure":[45],"overcoming":[46],"limitations":[48],"risk":[50,77,101],"priority":[51,102],"numbers":[52],"(RPNs)":[53],"associated":[54],"with":[55,87,100],"individual":[56],"modes.":[58],"Appropriate":[59],"application":[60],"RPNs":[63,99],"established":[65],"by":[66],"ensuring":[67],"that":[68],"high":[69],"values":[70],"RPNs,":[72,90],"indicating":[73,91],"relatively":[75],"higher":[76,81],"failure,":[79],"have":[80],"severity":[82],"occurrence":[84],"ratings":[85],"compared":[86],"low":[89,92],"risk.":[93],"Replacement":[94],"use":[97],"codes":[103],"(RPCs)":[104],"enables":[105],"engineers":[106],"to":[107,136],"prioritize":[108],"any":[112],"severity-occurrence":[113],"pair":[114],"using":[115],"same":[117],"scale":[118],"as":[119],"ratings,":[121],"unlike":[122],"RPNs.":[124],"Given":[125],"simplicity":[127],"effectiveness":[129],"technique,":[132],"RPCs":[133],"are":[134],"shown":[135],"preferable":[138],"prioritizing":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}