{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2287326366","doi":null,"title":"Cold injury and the evolution of \"white\" skin.","display_name":"Cold injury and the evolution of \"white\" skin.","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2287326366","mag":"2287326366","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1126703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1126703","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1126703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019431489","display_name":"Peter W. Post","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P W Post","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110843751","display_name":"Farrington Daniels","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Daniels","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013570058","display_name":"Robert T. Binford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R T Binford","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49115505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"1","first_page":"65","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.03220000118017197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.02280000038444996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-injury","display_name":"cold injury","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-pigmentation","display_name":"skin pigmentation","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanin","display_name":"melanin","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-color-variation","display_name":"skin color variation","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperate-climate","display_name":"temperate climate","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-evolution","display_name":"human evolution","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5990023612976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4078144431114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3226689398288727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.11498147249221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005627","descriptor_name":"Frostbite","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006168","descriptor_name":"Guinea Pigs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008544","descriptor_name":"Melanocytes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010858","descriptor_name":"Pigmentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012756","descriptor_name":"Sheep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012880","descriptor_name":"Skin Pigmentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1126703","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1126703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wayne.edu:humbiol-4007","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/vol47/iss1/7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171990522","display_name":"Human Biology","issn_l":"0018-7143","issn":["0018-7143","1534-6617"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316469","host_organization_name":"Wayne State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316469"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wayne State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Human Biology","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2287326366","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1126703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2240976498","https://openalex.org/W2412356533","https://openalex.org/W2397029975","https://openalex.org/W4299048104","https://openalex.org/W2081260428","https://openalex.org/W4246648547","https://openalex.org/W4386151716","https://openalex.org/W1987444717","https://openalex.org/W2402794391","https://openalex.org/W4230442393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Epidemiological":[0],"data":[1],"from":[2],"two":[3],"World":[4],"Wars,":[5],"the":[6,46,50,60,73,90],"Korean":[7],"War,":[8],"and":[9,38,43,45,59],"Alaska,":[10],"suggests":[11,79],"that":[12,80],"darker":[13],"pigmented":[14,26],"persons":[15],"may":[16,83],"be":[17],"more":[18,24],"susceptible":[19],"to":[20,72],"cold":[21,64,74,81],"injury":[22,65,82],"than":[23],"lightly":[25],"persons.":[27],"This":[28],"conclusion":[29],"is":[30],"supported":[31],"by":[32],"a":[33,86],"number":[34],"of":[35,49,76,92],"in":[36,39,54,89],"vivo":[37],"vitro":[40],"laboratory":[41],"experiments":[42],"observations,":[44],"geographical":[47],"distribution":[48],"lightest":[51],"colored":[52],"skins":[53],"temperate":[55,77],"climates.":[56],"These":[57],"data,":[58],"ample":[61],"opportunity":[62],"for":[63],"before":[66],"cultural":[67],"adjustments":[68],"were":[69],"fully":[70],"made":[71],"conditions":[75],"regions,":[78],"have":[84],"been":[85],"contributing":[87],"factor":[88],"evolution":[91],"\u201cwhite\u201d":[93],"skin.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}