{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2286128798","doi":null,"title":"Trade creation, trade diversion and non-members of free trade areas","display_name":"Trade creation, trade diversion and non-members of free trade areas","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2286128798","mag":"2286128798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2286128798","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/latrobe:2189","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037223096","display_name":"Robert Waschik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-1803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-1803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Waschik","raw_affiliation_strings":[", La Trobe University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-1803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", La Trobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037223096"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89097336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-trade-area","display_name":"free trade area","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-creation","display_name":"trade creation","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-diversion","display_name":"trade diversion","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wto-doha-round","display_name":"WTO Doha Round","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gatt-article-xxiv","display_name":"GATT Article XXIV","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-free-trade","display_name":"global free trade","score":0.8140000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832039","display_name":"Trade diversion","level":4,"score":0.8715184926986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779108270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832035","display_name":"Trade creation","level":5,"score":0.7663761377334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.6967864632606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.6495466828346252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.6374560594558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6124672293663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5335686","display_name":"International free trade agreement","level":3,"score":0.5969412326812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.5899941325187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.4493114650249481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506295513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729438","display_name":"Economic integration","level":2,"score":0.44239795207977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140413371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572564","display_name":"Commercial policy","level":2,"score":0.4390736222267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780029475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781599","display_name":"Applied general equilibrium","level":3,"score":0.4318600594997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103382277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282640","display_name":"General equilibrium theory","level":2,"score":0.26847779750823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11681151390075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.06597724556922913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2286128798","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/latrobe:2189","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W408933948","https://openalex.org/W1485558032","https://openalex.org/W1508786801","https://openalex.org/W1514777907","https://openalex.org/W1516987155","https://openalex.org/W1530659496","https://openalex.org/W1595803693","https://openalex.org/W1608921618","https://openalex.org/W1883900955","https://openalex.org/W1982807384","https://openalex.org/W2006328936","https://openalex.org/W2020729298","https://openalex.org/W2027331213","https://openalex.org/W2035879880","https://openalex.org/W2036929344","https://openalex.org/W2039695907","https://openalex.org/W2062243178","https://openalex.org/W2084123313","https://openalex.org/W2090714877","https://openalex.org/W2092376695","https://openalex.org/W2092719604","https://openalex.org/W2093006273","https://openalex.org/W2093828127","https://openalex.org/W2110304020","https://openalex.org/W2118750244","https://openalex.org/W2122471551","https://openalex.org/W2130616272","https://openalex.org/W2144485516","https://openalex.org/W2166145167","https://openalex.org/W2172205252","https://openalex.org/W2316512862","https://openalex.org/W2561128542","https://openalex.org/W3023641402","https://openalex.org/W3121781982","https://openalex.org/W3125505880","https://openalex.org/W3139698884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172385033","https://openalex.org/W3124126177","https://openalex.org/W1993404630","https://openalex.org/W3122912666","https://openalex.org/W1969492506","https://openalex.org/W3026750929","https://openalex.org/W7096464192","https://openalex.org/W4205996142","https://openalex.org/W1604229261","https://openalex.org/W7163750091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"studies":[1],"of":[2,12,24,31,37,50,60,104,130,141,144,155,169,172,184,198,210],"Free":[3,52],"Trade":[4,53],"Areas":[5],"(FTAs)":[6],"focus":[7],"on":[8,15,33,62,84,148],"the":[9,29,58,75,102,123,142,170,173,190,194,208,213],"detailed":[10,127],"effects":[11,30,59,103,143,171],"such":[13,185],"Agreements":[14],"FTA":[16,78,178],"members,":[17],"but":[18],"often":[19],"use":[20,65],"only":[21],"aggregate":[22],"measures":[23,129],"trade":[25,86,110,113,131,134,157,199],"diversion":[26,135,160],"to":[27,48,72,82,87,100,109,118,165,189],"evaluate":[28],"FTAs":[32,39,61,105,211],"non-members.":[34,63,149],"The":[35],"issue":[36],"whether":[38],"can":[40],"serve":[41],"as":[42],"stepping":[43],"stones":[44],"or":[45],"stumbling":[46],"blocks":[47],"attainment":[49],"Global":[51],"is":[54],"strongly":[55],"influenced":[56],"by":[57],"We":[64,150],"a":[66,137],"multi-sector":[67],"multi-country":[68],"Numerical":[69],"General":[70],"Equilibrium":[71],"endogenously":[73],"determine":[74],"tariffs":[76],"that":[77],"members":[79],"would":[80],"need":[81],"charge":[83],"non-member":[85],"maintain":[88],"FTA-member":[89],"imports":[90],"from":[91],"non-members":[92],"at":[93,122],"their":[94],"pre-FTA":[95],"level.":[96,125],"This":[97],"enables":[98],"us":[99,117],"decompose":[101],"into":[106],"changes":[107,121],"due":[108],"creation":[111,132,158],"and":[112,115,133,159,176,181],"diversion,":[114],"allows":[116],"report":[119],"these":[120],"sectoral":[124,128],"These":[126],"give":[136],"much":[138],"clearer":[139],"image":[140],"an":[145,177],"FTA,":[146,175],"particularly":[147],"then":[151],"illustrate":[152],"this":[153],"method":[154],"decomposing":[156],"using":[161],"our":[162],"NGE":[163],"model":[164],"offer":[166],"some":[167],"predictions":[168],"Australia-U.S.":[174],"between":[179],"Australia":[180],"China.":[182],"Results":[183],"experiments":[186],"are":[187],"relevant":[188],"current":[191],"debate":[192],"under":[193],"WTO\u2019s":[195],"Doha":[196],"Round":[197],"negotiations":[200],"over":[201],"GATT":[202],"(1994)":[203],"Article":[204],"XXIV":[205],"which":[206],"evaluates":[207],"consistency":[209],"with":[212],"WTO.":[214],"J.E.L.":[215],"Classification":[216],"Codes:":[217],"F15,":[218],"F13,":[219],"C68":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}