{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2285581860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilv073","title":"Animal Welfare Policy: Implementation in the Context of Wildlife Research\u2014Policy Review and Discussion of Fundamental Issues","display_name":"Animal Welfare Policy: Implementation in the Context of Wildlife Research\u2014Policy Review and Discussion of Fundamental Issues","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2285581860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilv073","mag":"2285581860","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26912718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ilar/ilv073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilv073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilv073","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/article-pdf/56/3/312/24706726/ilv073.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7144643","display_name":"ILAR Journal","issn_l":"1084-2020","issn":["1084-2020","1930-6180"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ILAR Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/article-pdf/56/3/312/24706726/ilv073.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ellen Paul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102401767","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock","ror":"https://ror.org/04fttyv97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ellen Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ellen Paul, JD, MS, is Executive Director of the Ornithological Council. Robert S. Sikes, PhD, is Professor of Biology at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Chair of the Animal Care and Use Committee, and President-elect of the American Society of Mammalogists. Steven J. Beaupre, PhD, is Professor and Chair in the Department of Biology at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, and Past President of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. John C. Wingfield, PhD is Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior at the University of California, Davis, and Past Director of the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems of the BIO division of the National Science Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ellen Paul, JD, MS, is Executive Director of the Ornithological Council. Robert S. Sikes, PhD, is Professor of Biology at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Chair of the Animal Care and Use Committee, and President-elect of the American Society of Mammalogists. Steven J. Beaupre, PhD, is Professor and Chair in the Department of Biology at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, and Past President of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. John C. Wingfield, PhD is Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior at the University of California, Davis, and Past Director of the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems of the BIO division of the National Science Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767","https://openalex.org/I78715868","https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109107195","display_name":"Robert S. Sikes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102401767","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock","ror":"https://ror.org/04fttyv97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert S. Sikes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ellen Paul, JD, MS, is Executive Director of the Ornithological Council. Robert S. Sikes, PhD, is Professor of Biology at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Chair of the Animal Care and Use Committee, and President-elect of the American Society of Mammalogists. Steven J. Beaupre, PhD, is Professor and Chair in the Department of Biology at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, and Past President of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. John C. Wingfield, PhD is Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior at the University of California, Davis, and Past Director of the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems of the BIO division of the National Science Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ellen Paul, JD, MS, is Executive Director of the Ornithological Council. Robert S. Sikes, PhD, is Professor of Biology at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Chair of the Animal Care and Use Committee, and President-elect of the American Society of Mammalogists. Steven J. Beaupre, PhD, is Professor and Chair in the Department of Biology at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, and Past President of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. John C. Wingfield, PhD is Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior at the University of California, Davis, and Past Director of the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems of the BIO division of the National Science Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767","https://openalex.org/I78715868","https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031533293","display_name":"Steven J. Beaupr\u00e9","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102401767","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock","ror":"https://ror.org/04fttyv97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven J. Beaupre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ellen Paul, JD, MS, is Executive Director of the Ornithological Council. Robert S. Sikes, PhD, is Professor of Biology at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Chair of the Animal Care and Use Committee, and President-elect of the American Society of Mammalogists. Steven J. Beaupre, PhD, is Professor and Chair in the Department of Biology at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, and Past President of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. John C. Wingfield, PhD is Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior at the University of California, Davis, and Past Director of the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems of the BIO division of the National Science Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ellen Paul, JD, MS, is Executive Director of the Ornithological Council. Robert S. Sikes, PhD, is Professor of Biology at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Chair of the Animal Care and Use Committee, and President-elect of the American Society of Mammalogists. Steven J. Beaupre, PhD, is Professor and Chair in the Department of Biology at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, and Past President of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. John C. Wingfield, PhD is Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior at the University of California, Davis, and Past Director of the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems of the BIO division of the National Science Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767","https://openalex.org/I78715868","https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089768478","display_name":"John C. Wingfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9063-7985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9063-7985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102401767","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock","ror":"https://ror.org/04fttyv97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. Wingfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ellen Paul, JD, MS, is Executive Director of the Ornithological Council. Robert S. Sikes, PhD, is Professor of Biology at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Chair of the Animal Care and Use Committee, and President-elect of the American Society of Mammalogists. Steven J. Beaupre, PhD, is Professor and Chair in the Department of Biology at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, and Past President of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. John C. Wingfield, PhD is Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior at the University of California, Davis, and Past Director of the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems of the BIO division of the National Science Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ellen Paul, JD, MS, is Executive Director of the Ornithological Council. Robert S. Sikes, PhD, is Professor of Biology at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Chair of the Animal Care and Use Committee, and President-elect of the American Society of Mammalogists. Steven J. Beaupre, PhD, is Professor and Chair in the Department of Biology at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, and Past President of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. John C. Wingfield, PhD is Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior at the University of California, Davis, and Past Director of the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems of the BIO division of the National Science Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767","https://openalex.org/I78715868","https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767","https://openalex.org/I78715868","https://openalex.org/I84218800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3236,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96925086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"312","last_page":"334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.8672000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.8672000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13967","display_name":"Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14206","display_name":"Animal Law and Welfare","score":0.0348999984562397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare-policy","display_name":"animal welfare policy","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife-research","display_name":"wildlife research","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-animal-care-and-use-committee","display_name":"Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-oversight","display_name":"research oversight","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wild-vertebrates","display_name":"wild vertebrates","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-use-regulation","display_name":"animal use regulation","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-compliance","display_name":"regulatory compliance","score":0.4830000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.8671598434448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7031853199005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523966790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426","display_name":"Animal welfare","level":2,"score":0.7004059553146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134387633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11395","display_name":"Domestication","level":2,"score":0.6243990659713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520753416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38344","display_name":"Animal testing","level":2,"score":0.42441967129707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41962170600891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3896111845970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.37531623244285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.36678531765937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3563805818557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3352241814136505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.26234346628189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2444082796573639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14840394258499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000822","descriptor_name":"Animal Husbandry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000827","descriptor_name":"Animal Welfare","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000835","descriptor_name":"Animals, Wild","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006799","descriptor_name":"Housing, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014714","descriptor_name":"Vertebrates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017408","descriptor_name":"Guidelines as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032761","descriptor_name":"Animal Experimentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035661","descriptor_name":"Animal Care Committees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ilar/ilv073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilv073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilv073","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/article-pdf/56/3/312/24706726/ilv073.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7144643","display_name":"ILAR Journal","issn_l":"1084-2020","issn":["1084-2020","1930-6180"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ILAR Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26912718","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26912718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ILAR journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ilarjournal:56/3/312","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ilarjournal.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/56/3/312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ilar/ilv073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilv073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilv073","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/article-pdf/56/3/312/24706726/ilv073.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7144643","display_name":"ILAR Journal","issn_l":"1084-2020","issn":["1084-2020","1930-6180"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ILAR Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.4390000104904175}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314997","display_name":"Strong","ror":"https://ror.org/041vyzr56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2285581860.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2285581860.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5603278","https://openalex.org/W219833282","https://openalex.org/W1655460658","https://openalex.org/W2014766611","https://openalex.org/W2023071829","https://openalex.org/W2056055791","https://openalex.org/W2132432396","https://openalex.org/W2144655743","https://openalex.org/W2163657311","https://openalex.org/W2184452681","https://openalex.org/W2313973174","https://openalex.org/W2560109915","https://openalex.org/W2621281823","https://openalex.org/W2955504961","https://openalex.org/W4214810374","https://openalex.org/W4253512500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2290800182","https://openalex.org/W2313973174","https://openalex.org/W2467085012","https://openalex.org/W2359225726","https://openalex.org/W4385550765","https://openalex.org/W2163657311","https://openalex.org/W2130206481","https://openalex.org/W2064207271","https://openalex.org/W4237487801","https://openalex.org/W2398139753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1,44,60,141,175],"of":[2,18,27,45,58,145,152],"vertebrate":[3],"animals":[4,66,113],"in":[5,9,67,79,107,118,123,142,187,195],"research":[6,69,73,119],"and":[7,21,31,42,55,89,98,111,114,121,136,157,192,194],"education":[8],"the":[10,24,40,46,72,116,132,143,150,153],"United":[11],"States":[12],"is":[13],"subject":[14],"to":[15,178],"a":[16,85],"number":[17],"regulations,":[19,135],"policies,":[20,134],"guidelines":[22],"under":[23],"immediate":[25],"oversight":[26,56,87,155],"Institutional":[28],"Animal":[29],"Care":[30],"Use":[32],"Committees":[33],"(IACUCs),":[34],"which":[35],"are":[36,161,185,198],"charged":[37],"with":[38,93,126,165,189],"ensuring":[39],"ethical":[41,97],"appropriate":[43,99,200],"animal":[47,59,140],"subjects.":[48],"In":[49],"almost":[50],"all":[51],"instances,":[52],"this":[53],"regulatory":[54],"landscape":[57],"has":[61],"been":[62],"developed":[63],"around":[64],"domesticated":[65,112],"biomedical":[68,127],"environments.":[70],"When":[71],"activities":[74,181],"involve":[75],"wild":[76,110,166,183],"species,":[77],"especially":[78],"their":[80],"natural":[81],"habitat":[82],"rather":[83],"than":[84],"laboratory,":[86],"personnel":[88],"investigators":[90],"alike":[91],"struggle":[92],"determining":[94],"what":[95],"constitutes":[96],"activities.":[100],"These":[101],"difficulties":[102],"stem":[103],"from":[104,115],"fundamental":[105],"differences":[106,117],"biology":[108],"between":[109],"objectives":[120],"methods":[122],"wildlife":[124,146],"compared":[125],"research.":[128,147],"Here":[129],"we":[130],"discuss":[131],"various":[133,154],"guidance":[137],"documents":[138],"for":[139,171,201],"context":[144],"We":[148,168],"compare":[149],"expectations":[151,160],"agencies":[156],"how":[158,172],"these":[159,202],"met":[162],"when":[163],"working":[164],"vertebrates.":[167],"make":[169],"recommendations":[170],"IACUCs":[173],"can":[174],"available":[176],"resources":[177],"ensure":[179],"that":[180,197],"involving":[182],"species":[184],"conducted":[186],"compliance":[188],"existing":[190],"regulations":[191],"policies":[193],"ways":[196],"biologically":[199],"nondomesticated":[203],"species.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}