{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2285346205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/10106088","title":"Department of Energy 1977--1994: A summary history","display_name":"Department of Energy 1977--1994: A summary history","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2285346205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/10106088","mag":"2285346205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/10106088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/10106088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/10106088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information, Oak Ridge, TN","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/10106088","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147954844","display_name":"USDOE Office of Administration and Human Resource Management, Washington, DC (United States). History Div.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"USDOE Office of Administration and Human Resource Management, Washington, DC (United States). History Div.","raw_affiliation_strings":["J.M. Hall"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"J.M. Hall","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074798946","display_name":"Terrence R. Fehner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Fehner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147945204","display_name":"USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043081169","display_name":"J.M. Holl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Holl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12445","display_name":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12445","display_name":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12129","display_name":"Global Energy Security and Policy","score":0.019600000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2100","display_name":"General Energy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-s-department-of-energy","display_name":"Department of Energy","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-policy","display_name":"energy policy","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1970s-energy-crisis","display_name":"1970s energy crisis","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manhattan-project","display_name":"Manhattan Project","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-weapons","display_name":"nuclear weapons","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-defense-initiative","display_name":"Strategic Defense Initiative","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superconducting-super-collider","display_name":"Superconducting Super Collider","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-weapons-dismantling","display_name":"nuclear weapons dismantling","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-programs","display_name":"environmental programs","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-transfer","display_name":"technology transfer","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carter-administration","display_name":"Carter administration","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinton-administration","display_name":"Clinton administration","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-war","display_name":"Cold War","score":0.7039999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6880018711090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5880858898162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194110935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12802","display_name":"Nuclear weapon","level":2,"score":0.5712962746620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5521180629730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47498124837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3993664085865021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.36355355381965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.3306120038032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21558094024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.21023935079574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0934552550315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2172/10106088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/10106088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/10106088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information, Oak Ridge, TN","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc1272503","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1272503/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:10106088","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/10106088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:10106088","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/10106088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206780359","https://openalex.org/W224974397","https://openalex.org/W7062150694","https://openalex.org/W1501189213","https://openalex.org/W2342104410","https://openalex.org/W7014433935","https://openalex.org/W7015997390","https://openalex.org/W4240988159","https://openalex.org/W7008903857","https://openalex.org/W4247015925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,51,92,110,167],"Department":[1,52,93,111,127,155,172,189,216],"of":[2,6,32,48,53,58,94,102,112,119,125,158,162,211,217,226,231],"Energy":[3,54,95,218],"Organization":[4],"Act":[5],"1977":[7],"created":[8],"perhaps":[9],"the":[10,17,26,33,43,103,120,126,134,139,143,147,150,154,159,163,171,177,180,184,188,199,204,209,212,215,224,232],"most":[11,31],"interesting":[12],"and":[13,46,65,72,79,90,107,123,128,142,165,173,203,236,244],"diverse":[14],"agency":[15],"in":[16],"Federal":[18],"Government.":[19],"new":[21],"department":[22],"brought":[23],"together":[24],"for":[25],"first":[27,87],"time":[28],"not":[29],"only":[30],"government`s":[34],"energy":[35,140,160,185],"programs":[36,80,175],"but":[37],"also":[38],"defense":[39,148],"responsibilities":[40],"that":[41],"included":[42],"design,":[44],"construction,":[45],"testing":[47],"nuclear":[49,233],"weapons.":[50],"incorporated":[55],"a":[56,62,82,116,191],"score":[57],"organizational":[59],"entities":[60,78],"from":[61,176,223],"dozen":[63],"departments":[64],"agencies,":[66],"each":[67],"with":[68,133],"its":[69,174],"own":[70],"history":[71,118,168],"traditions.":[73],"Uniting":[74],"these":[75],"seemingly":[76],"disparate":[77],"was":[81,156],"common":[83],"commitment":[84],"to":[85,98,228,237],"performing":[86],"rate":[88],"science":[89,106],"technology.":[91],"sought--and":[96],"continues":[97],"seek--to":[99],"be":[100],"one":[101],"Nation`s":[104],"premier":[105],"technology":[108,245],"organizations.":[109],"Energy,":[113],"1977--1994,":[114],"is":[115],"summary":[117],"origins,":[121],"goals,":[122],"achievements":[124],"selected":[129],"major":[130],"programs.":[131],"Beginning":[132],"various":[135],"fuels":[136],"policies":[137],"on":[138,146,194,241],"side":[141],"Manhattan":[144],"project":[145],"side,":[149],"study":[151],"details":[152],"how":[153],"born":[157],"crisis":[161,186],"early":[164],"mid-1970s.":[166],"then":[169],"surveys":[170],"Carter":[178],"through":[179],"Clinton":[181],"administrations.":[182],"As":[183],"eased,":[187],"played":[190],"central":[192],"role":[193],"issues":[195],"as":[196,198],"dissimilar":[197],"Strategic":[200],"Defense":[201],"Initiative":[202],"Superconducting":[205],"Super":[206],"Collider.":[207],"With":[208],"end":[210],"Cold":[213],"War,":[214],"further":[219],"transformed":[220],"itself,":[221],"moving":[222],"building":[225],"bombs":[227],"partial":[229],"dismantlement":[230],"weapons":[234],"complex":[235],"an":[238],"increased":[239],"emphasis":[240],"environmental":[242],"activities":[243],"transfer":[246],"efforts.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}