{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2284495283","doi":null,"title":"Mitomycin C: a prototype bioreductive agent.","display_name":"Mitomycin C: a prototype bioreductive agent.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2284495283","mag":"2284495283","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7620218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7620218","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7620218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110396818","display_name":"A C Sartorelli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A C Sartorelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086142003","display_name":"William F. Hodnick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W F Hodnick","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113609697","display_name":"Michael F. Belcourt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M F Belcourt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104636571","display_name":"Maria Tomasz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Tomasz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055899836","display_name":"B. G. Haffty","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Haffty","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010323549","display_name":"Fischer Jj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J J Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067569965","display_name":"Sara Rockwell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Rockwell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3995,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98139435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"10-11","first_page":"501","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12356","display_name":"Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents","score":0.6187000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12356","display_name":"Bioactive Compounds and Antitumor Agents","score":0.6187000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10631","display_name":"Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism","score":0.3345000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.019099999219179153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitomycin-c","display_name":"mitomycin C","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioreductive-agents","display_name":"bioreductive agents","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoxic-tumor-cells","display_name":"hypoxic tumor cells","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-tumors","display_name":"solid tumors","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-adducts","display_name":"DNA adducts","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosensitization","display_name":"radiosensitization","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-irradiation","display_name":"X-ray irradiation","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-and-neck-cancer","display_name":"head and neck cancer","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemoradiotherapy","display_name":"chemoradiotherapy","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-hypoxia","display_name":"tumor hypoxia","score":0.6000000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19856779","display_name":"Mitomycin C","level":2,"score":0.7807297706604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5969366431236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776313096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3529346","display_name":"Tirapazamine","level":4,"score":0.5728480815887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.5597074627876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7836513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641506","display_name":"Hypoxia (environmental)","level":3,"score":0.5413721203804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.5207614898681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.47220903635025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.4710647463798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.44321417808532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64241487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205774","display_name":"DNA synthesis","level":3,"score":0.4375925362110138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.4351109564304352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114246631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187661","display_name":"Carcinogen","level":2,"score":0.4234985411167145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.4176393151283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3888944983482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.3643531799316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.342754989862442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.3341572880744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.322127103805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21724164485931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.20652827620506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109316439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181","display_name":"Cytotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.18130114674568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.16308480501174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001711","descriptor_name":"Biotransformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003131","descriptor_name":"Combined Modality Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000532","qualifier_name":"radiotherapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009374","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009374","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009374","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015687","descriptor_name":"Cell Hypoxia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016685","descriptor_name":"Mitomycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016685","descriptor_name":"Mitomycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7620218","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7620218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oncology research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2284495283","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7620218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579667184","https://openalex.org/W1994332632","https://openalex.org/W2037417804","https://openalex.org/W1989718674","https://openalex.org/W1492372507","https://openalex.org/W2021752384","https://openalex.org/W2037151293","https://openalex.org/W2033289180","https://openalex.org/W2018004211","https://openalex.org/W7096190911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hypoxic":[0],"cells":[1,93],"of":[2,14,58,67,78,88,107,119,145,155,163,175,190,200,210],"solid":[3,16,153,201],"tumors":[4,17,154,202],"represent":[5],"a":[6,39,56,61,192],"therapeutically":[7],"resistant":[8],"population":[9],"that":[10,36,128],"limits":[11],"the":[12,65,86,103,108,133,142,146,160,164,176,188,197,208],"curability":[13,209],"many":[15],"by":[18,21,55,213],"x-irradiation":[19],"and":[20,45,117,178],"most":[22,84,104],"chemotherapeutic":[23],"agents.":[24],"The":[25,126,180],"oxygen":[26],"deficit,":[27],"however,":[28],"creates":[29],"an":[30,204],"environment":[31],"conducive":[32],"to":[33,91,95,101,131,140,159],"reductive":[34],"processes":[35],"results":[37,74],"in":[38,60,75,83,123,136,167,171],"major":[40],"exploitable":[41],"difference":[42],"between":[43],"normal":[44],"neoplastic":[46],"tissues.":[47],"Mitomycin":[48],"C":[49],"(MC)":[50],"can":[51],"be":[52,102],"reductively":[53],"activated":[54],"number":[57],"oxidoreductases,":[59],"process":[62],"required":[63],"for":[64],"production":[66,87],"its":[68],"therapeutic":[69,194],"effects.":[70],"This":[71],"enzymatic":[72],"reduction":[73],"preferential":[76],"activation":[77],"MC":[79],"under":[80],"hypoxia":[81],"and,":[82],"instances,":[85],"greater":[89],"toxicity":[90],"oxygen-deficient":[92],"than":[94],"their":[96],"oxygenated":[97,143],"counterparts.":[98],"DNA":[99,120],"appears":[100],"important":[105],"target":[106],"reactive":[109],"species":[110],"generated":[111],"from":[112,182],"MC,":[113,129],"with":[114,138,169,173],"both":[115],"mono-":[116],"bis-adducts":[118],"being":[121],"formed":[122],"drug-treated":[124],"cells.":[125],"demonstration":[127],"used":[130],"kill":[132],"hypoxic":[134,198],"fraction,":[135],"combination":[137,168],"x-irradiation,":[139],"eradicate":[141],"portion":[144],"tumor,":[147],"produced":[148],"enhanced":[149],"cytodestructive":[150],"effects":[151],"on":[152,196],"animals":[156],"has":[157],"led":[158],"clinical":[161,184],"evaluation":[162],"mitomycin":[165],"antibiotics":[166],"x-rays":[170],"patients":[172],"cancers":[174],"head":[177],"neck.":[179],"findings":[181],"these":[183],"trials":[185],"have":[186],"demonstrated":[187],"utility":[189],"directing":[191],"concerted":[193],"attack":[195],"fraction":[199],"as":[203],"approach":[205],"toward":[206],"enhancing":[207],"localized":[211],"neoplasms":[212],"x-irradiation.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}