{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2282452151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20455/ros.2016.821","title":"Methylene Blue as a Novel Neuroprotectant in Acute Malathion Intoxication","display_name":"Methylene Blue as a Novel Neuroprotectant in Acute Malathion Intoxication","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2282452151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20455/ros.2016.821","mag":"2282452151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20455/ros.2016.821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20455/ros.2016.821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20455/ros.2016.821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239700","display_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","issn_l":"2380-2367","issn":["2380-2367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075246930","display_name":"Omar M. E. Abdel\u2010Salam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4450-1582","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4450-1582"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Abdel-Salam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074160465","display_name":"Eman R. Youness","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-1680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-1680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eman Youness","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112574728","display_name":"Reham Shehab El Nemr Esmail","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reham Esmail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111480008","display_name":"Nadia A. Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-5557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-5557"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadia Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027814734","display_name":"Yasser A. Khadrawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-535X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-535X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasser Khadrawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083649051","display_name":"Amany Ameen Sleem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-1810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-1810"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amany Sleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108554732","display_name":"Amany Mamdouh Abdulaziz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113643904","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amany Abdulaziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of  Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of  Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30292343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12023","display_name":"Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13639","display_name":"Paraquat toxicity studies and treatments","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methylene-blue","display_name":"methylene blue","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malathion","display_name":"malathion","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphate-poisoning","display_name":"organophosphate poisoning","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"lipid peroxidation","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malondialdehyde","display_name":"malondialdehyde","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide","display_name":"nitric oxide","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione","display_name":"glutathione","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paraoxonase-1","display_name":"paraoxonase 1","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholinesterase","display_name":"acetylcholinesterase","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butyrylcholinesterase","display_name":"butyrylcholinesterase","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein","display_name":"glial fibrillary acidic protein","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegeneration","display_name":"neurodegeneration","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hippocampus","display_name":"hippocampus","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-cortex","display_name":"cerebral cortex","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-activation","display_name":"glial activation","score":0.6349999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6895010471343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780829032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898539","display_name":"Lipid peroxidation","level":3,"score":0.6512666940689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519581460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207843","display_name":"Nitric oxide","level":2,"score":0.6074216961860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779191827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422134","display_name":"Methylene blue","level":4,"score":0.5766884088516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538909803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116907","display_name":"Glutathione","level":3,"score":0.5305467247962952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5240024328231812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776638905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423005","display_name":"Malathion","level":3,"score":0.5114597082138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779491297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3338704","display_name":"Neurotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.5005688667297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778816929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22676679","display_name":"Acetylcholinesterase","level":3,"score":0.46937990188598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.46823424100875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780495277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905442","display_name":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein","level":3,"score":0.46388962864875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778401633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418661","display_name":"Malondialdehyde","level":3,"score":0.4451286196708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776588719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411097","display_name":"Organophosphate","level":3,"score":0.43214553594589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779101902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22679015","display_name":"Butyrylcholinesterase","level":5,"score":0.42424845695495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.41046109795570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3341159224510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779059548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383701","display_name":"Ach\u00e9","level":4,"score":0.2613469660282135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2504373788833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.2305505871772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12276875972747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09845367074012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.06605088710784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.05897974967956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218831","display_name":"Photocatalysis","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20455/ros.2016.821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20455/ros.2016.821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20455/ros.2016.821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239700","display_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","issn_l":"2380-2367","issn":["2380-2367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.aimsci.com:article/25","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://aimsci.com/ros/index.php/ros/article/view/25","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species; Vol 1 No 2 (2016); 165\u2012177","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157771309","https://openalex.org/W1489929356","https://openalex.org/W1534880720","https://openalex.org/W1967793217","https://openalex.org/W1971048984","https://openalex.org/W1980803538","https://openalex.org/W1990089345","https://openalex.org/W1995314634","https://openalex.org/W1997837139","https://openalex.org/W2001934912","https://openalex.org/W2006370393","https://openalex.org/W2020142342","https://openalex.org/W2031383268","https://openalex.org/W2036217770","https://openalex.org/W2039477643","https://openalex.org/W2056738428","https://openalex.org/W2059110340","https://openalex.org/W2068997428","https://openalex.org/W2078503590","https://openalex.org/W2079822311","https://openalex.org/W2080033762","https://openalex.org/W2085534442","https://openalex.org/W2089027671","https://openalex.org/W2091668107","https://openalex.org/W2093473167","https://openalex.org/W2110657758","https://openalex.org/W2112487069","https://openalex.org/W2122386753","https://openalex.org/W2137809729","https://openalex.org/W2145643191","https://openalex.org/W2165233914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944420668","https://openalex.org/W2759742599","https://openalex.org/W2746993164","https://openalex.org/W2556677434","https://openalex.org/W3132830908","https://openalex.org/W4389451508","https://openalex.org/W2493196298","https://openalex.org/W2042880806","https://openalex.org/W2126725371","https://openalex.org/W4387531653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46],"effect":[1,203,283],"of":[2,48,62,226,235,289],"methylene":[3,32,216,236,240,272],"blue":[4,33,170,217,241,273],"on":[5,204],"oxidative":[6,290],"stress":[7,291],"and":[8,41,55,59,68,79,123,126,132,143,155,157,182,185,196,255,259,280,292],"neuronal":[9],"injury":[10],"in":[11,73,90,98,152,161,166,252,263,276],"rats":[12],"following":[13],"acute":[14,277],"malathion":[15,24,115,278],"intoxication":[16],"was":[17,200,211],"examined.":[18],"Rats":[19,238],"were":[20,71,86,164],"intraperitoneally":[21],"injected":[22],"with":[23,31,106,231],"at":[25,34,172,183,243],"150":[26],"mg/kg":[27,38,174,187,245],"body":[28,39,175,188,246],"weight":[29,176,247],"along":[30],"5":[35,184],"or":[36],"10":[37,173,186,244],"weight,":[40,189],"euthanized":[42],"4":[43],"hr":[44],"later.":[45],"levels":[47],"lipid":[49,100],"peroxidation":[50,101],"[malondialdehyde":[51],"(MDA)],":[52],"nitric":[53,109,191],"oxide,":[54],"reduced":[56],"glutathione":[57],"(GSH),":[58],"the":[60,74,153,162,205,232,253,264,281],"activities":[61,128],"paraoxonase":[63],"1":[64],"(PON1),":[65],"acetylcholinesterase":[66],"(AChE),":[67],"butyrylcholinesterase":[69],"(BChE)":[70],"measured":[72],"brain":[75,99,117,124,145,178],"tissue.":[76],"Histopathological":[77],"examination":[78],"glial":[80,294],"fibrillary":[81],"acidic":[82],"protein":[83],"(GFAP)":[84],"immunostaining":[85,160,262],"also":[87,137],"carried":[88],"out":[89],"this":[91],"study.":[92],"Malathion":[93,135],"induced":[94],"a":[95],"significant":[96,202],"elevation":[97],"(MDA)":[102],"by":[103,112,121,130,141,148,180,194,213],"32.8%":[104],"associated":[105],"an":[107],"increased":[108,212,228],"oxide":[110,192],"level":[111,119,147,193],"51.4%.":[113],"Following":[114],"exposure,":[116],"GSH":[118,206],"fell":[120],"67.7%,":[122],"AChE":[125,227],"BChE":[127,219],"decreased":[129,144,177,190,293],"25%":[131],"60.4%,":[133],"respectively.":[134,198],"exposure":[136],"inhibited":[138],"PON1":[139,209],"activity":[140,210,220],"39.6%":[142],"glucose":[146],"30%.":[149],"Neuronal":[150],"degeneration":[151],"cortex":[154],"hippocampus":[156,163],"strong":[158],"GFAP":[159,261],"observed":[165],"malathion-exposed":[167],"animals.":[168],"Methylene":[169],"co-treatment":[171,230,242],"MDA":[179],"17.8%,":[181],"29.2%":[195],"35.8%,":[197],"There":[199],"no":[201,249],"level,":[207],"but":[208,224],"22.9%\u201330.9%":[214],"upon":[215],"co-treatment.":[218],"did":[221],"not":[222],"change":[223],"that":[225,271],"after":[229],"lower":[233],"dose":[234],"blue.":[237],"receiving":[239],"showed":[248],"degenerating":[250,257],"neurons":[251,258],"cortex,":[254],"occasional":[256],"weak":[260],"hippocampus.":[265],"Taken":[266],"together,":[267],"our":[268],"results":[269],"suggest":[270],"is":[274,284],"neuroprotective":[275,282],"intoxication,":[279],"likely":[285],"due":[286],"to":[287],"inhibition":[288],"cell":[295],"activation.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
