{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2281467375","doi":null,"title":"EXPRESSION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS 3 and 4 (TLR3/4) ON NEURAL PROGENITOR CELLS (RADIAL GLIAL CELLS): IS DIRECT IMMUNE ACTIVATION POSSIBLE IN RAT EMBRYONIC BRAIN WITH MATERNAL IMMUNE ACTIVATION?","display_name":"EXPRESSION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS 3 and 4 (TLR3/4) ON NEURAL PROGENITOR CELLS (RADIAL GLIAL CELLS): IS DIRECT IMMUNE ACTIVATION POSSIBLE IN RAT EMBRYONIC BRAIN WITH MATERNAL IMMUNE ACTIVATION?","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2281467375","mag":"2281467375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.calstate.edu:10211.3/131535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/131535","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/131535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400189","display_name":"John Spoor Broome Library Institutional Repository (California State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142934699","host_organization_name":"California State University, Fullerton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Project"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/131535","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066310705","display_name":"Amanda Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-082X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-082X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Waber Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066310705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.8862000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.8862000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10608","display_name":"Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms","score":0.08829999715089798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr3","display_name":"TLR3","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr4","display_name":"TLR4","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-glial-cells","display_name":"radial glia","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-progenitor-cells","display_name":"neural progenitor cells","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-immune-activation","display_name":"maternal immune activation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglial-activation","display_name":"microglial activation","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-susceptibility","display_name":"autism susceptibility","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia-susceptibility","display_name":"schizophrenia susceptibility","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rat-embryo","display_name":"rat embryo","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6563059687614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145103041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151519","display_name":"Embryonic stem cell","level":3,"score":0.5842403769493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5759071707725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5714293718338013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136834591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2944097","display_name":"Neural stem cell","level":3,"score":0.5272000432014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201750760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896218","display_name":"Progenitor cell","level":3,"score":0.5118629336357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4746552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456827","display_name":"Neurogenesis","level":2,"score":0.4735925495624542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.46865764260292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15729860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329919","display_name":"Progenitor","level":4,"score":0.41166234016418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3481573462486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3393927812576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28328180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196","display_name":"Stem cell","level":2,"score":0.22871792316436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.2128460705280304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.17858612537384033}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.calstate.edu:10211.3/131535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/131535","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/131535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400189","display_name":"John Spoor Broome Library Institutional Repository (California State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142934699","host_organization_name":"California State University, Fullerton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Project"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.calstate.edu:10211.3/131535","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/131535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402638","display_name":"CSUN ScholarWorks (California State University, Northridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157638225","host_organization_name":"California State University, Northridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157638225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Project"},{"id":"mag:2281467375","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarworks.calstate.edu/handle/10211.3/131535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.calstate.edu:10211.3/131535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/131535","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/131535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400189","display_name":"John Spoor Broome Library Institutional Repository (California State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142934699","host_organization_name":"California State University, Fullerton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Project"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2281467375.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2281467375.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7857247","https://openalex.org/W142627405","https://openalex.org/W1493224627","https://openalex.org/W1562967551","https://openalex.org/W1964223452","https://openalex.org/W1971233916","https://openalex.org/W1972018621","https://openalex.org/W1973854181","https://openalex.org/W1976010325","https://openalex.org/W1977580387","https://openalex.org/W1979919872","https://openalex.org/W1987097017","https://openalex.org/W1987248281","https://openalex.org/W1988178045","https://openalex.org/W1989678098","https://openalex.org/W2007305673","https://openalex.org/W2011361113","https://openalex.org/W2011841911","https://openalex.org/W2016542252","https://openalex.org/W2025868352","https://openalex.org/W2029190354","https://openalex.org/W2030135612","https://openalex.org/W2033880528","https://openalex.org/W2042433863","https://openalex.org/W2042718792","https://openalex.org/W2047775628","https://openalex.org/W2048162805","https://openalex.org/W2048721710","https://openalex.org/W2052297858","https://openalex.org/W2063157266","https://openalex.org/W2078824156","https://openalex.org/W2083863773","https://openalex.org/W2085912953","https://openalex.org/W2089224748","https://openalex.org/W2089358134","https://openalex.org/W2104520325","https://openalex.org/W2117430572","https://openalex.org/W2125793671","https://openalex.org/W2127220436","https://openalex.org/W2127934565","https://openalex.org/W2128446961","https://openalex.org/W2129319296","https://openalex.org/W2134720573","https://openalex.org/W2136454944","https://openalex.org/W2142972284","https://openalex.org/W2144628640","https://openalex.org/W2150246491","https://openalex.org/W2154965665","https://openalex.org/W2155002338","https://openalex.org/W2155424525","https://openalex.org/W2158627911","https://openalex.org/W2161577497","https://openalex.org/W2165444002","https://openalex.org/W2169725419","https://openalex.org/W2323290940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893810995","https://openalex.org/W3092212496","https://openalex.org/W4291178034","https://openalex.org/W1970183794","https://openalex.org/W2086614778","https://openalex.org/W2048721710","https://openalex.org/W4400539918","https://openalex.org/W1985496372","https://openalex.org/W2600594233","https://openalex.org/W7096634014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,59,77,106,136,142,148,152,174,239,274,298],"underlying":[2],"factors":[3,24,69],"that":[4,186,207,257],"regulate":[5],"early":[6,291],"neurogenesis":[7],"is":[8,132,206,263],"essential":[9],"to":[10,17,35,72,86,96,103,135],"identifying":[11],"inducers":[12],"of":[13,22,39,50,116,173,234,253,279,306],"aberrant":[14],"neurodevelopment":[15],"linked":[16],"autism":[18,280],"and":[19,32,48,92,123,150,183,193,211,217,225,236,281,287],"schizophrenia.":[20],"Determination":[21],"these":[23,40],"will":[25],"eventually":[26],"yield":[27],"possible":[28],"strategies":[29],"for":[30,120,127,161,251],"treatment":[31],"preventive":[33],"measures":[34],"ameliorate":[36],"negative":[37],"effects":[38,289],"inducers.":[41],"Endogenous":[42],"regulatory":[43,68,88],"mechanisms":[44],"ensure":[45,97],"proper":[46,98],"migration":[47,218],"proliferation":[49,192],"neuronal":[51],"precursor":[52],"cells,":[53,57],"called":[54],"neural":[55,93,191],"progenitor":[56,94],"in":[58,76,83,141,163,167,199,202,222,238,265,277,283,297],"proliferative":[60,242],"zone":[61,243],"during":[62,244],"embryonic":[63,240],"cortical":[64],"neurogenesis.":[65,245,292],"Although":[66],"all":[67],"have":[70,80],"yet":[71],"be":[73],"determined,":[74],"microglia":[75,210],"developing":[78],"brain":[79],"been":[81],"shown":[82],"previous":[84],"studies":[85,185,286],"exhibit":[87],"function,":[89],"engulfing":[90],"neurons":[91],"cells":[95,231],"developmental":[99],"patterning.":[100,219],"In":[101],"response":[102,109],"antigen":[104],"exposure,":[105],"maternal":[107,266],"immune":[108,267],"(MIA)":[110],"increases":[111,212],"Interleukin-6":[112],"levels":[113,256],"through":[114,147],"binding":[115],"Toll-like":[117,124],"Receptor":[118,125],"3":[119],"viral":[121],"antigens":[122],"4":[126],"bacterial":[128],"endotoxins.":[129],"The":[130,293],"fetus":[131],"then":[133],"exposed":[134],"resulting":[137,198],"increased":[138,159],"inflammatory":[139,260],"cytokines":[140,155],"mother,":[143],"which":[144],"can":[145],"pass":[146],"placenta":[149],"into":[151],"fetus.":[153],"Increased":[154],"correlated":[156],"with":[157,169],"an":[158,259],"propensity":[160],"schizophrenia":[162,282],"human":[164,284],"studies,":[165],"especially":[166],"cases":[168],"a":[170],"family":[171],"history":[172],"disease.":[175],"These":[176],"clinical":[177,285],"observations":[178],"are":[179],"supported":[180],"by":[181],"rat":[182,241],"mouse":[184],"indicate":[187],"MIA":[188,208,288],"negatively":[189],"impacts":[190],"promotes":[194],"microglial":[195],"cell":[196],"activation,":[197],"behavioral":[200],"deficits":[201],"offspring.":[203],"Our":[204],"hypothesis":[205],"activates":[209],"cytokines,":[213],"altering":[214],"fetal":[215],"neuroproliferation":[216],"Results":[220],"from":[221],"utero":[223],"electroporation":[224],"intraventricular":[226],"injection":[227],"labeled":[228],"radial":[229],"glial":[230],"indicated":[232],"expression":[233],"TLR3":[235],"TLR4":[237],"An":[246],"ELISA":[247],"method":[248],"was":[249,295],"developed":[250],"analysis":[252],"IL-6":[254],"cytokine":[255],"indicates":[258],"response,":[261],"as":[262],"seen":[264],"activation.":[268],"This":[269],"evidence":[270],"would":[271],"help":[272],"clarify":[273],"observed":[275],"differences":[276],"susceptibility":[278],"on":[290],"project":[294],"conducted":[296],"Noctor":[299],"Laboratory,":[300],"MIND":[301],"Institute,":[302],"UC":[303],"Davis":[304],"College":[305],"Medicine.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}