{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2279904745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1986.10804167","title":"R.A. Sargent: \u201cFrom a Redistribution to an Imperial Social Formation: Benin c. 1293\u20131536\u201d","display_name":"R.A. Sargent: \u201cFrom a Redistribution to an Imperial Social Formation: Benin c. 1293\u20131536\u201d","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2279904745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1986.10804167","mag":"2279904745"},"language":"fr","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00083968.1986.10804167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1986.10804167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1986.10804167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111533365","display_name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des \u00e9tudes africaines","issn_l":"0008-3968","issn":["0008-3968","1923-3051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des \u00e9tudes africaines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108532407","display_name":"Ivor Wilks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ivor Wilks","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108532407"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28517588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"436","last_page":"438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13019","display_name":"African Studies and Geopolitics","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13162","display_name":"African Studies and Ethnography","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benin-kingdom","display_name":"Benin Kingdom","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode-of-production","display_name":"modes of production","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-formation","display_name":"social formation","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slave-labor","display_name":"slave labor","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asiatic-mode-of-production","display_name":"Asiatic mode of production","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.783489465713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3212686777114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2862522602081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06945359706878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00083968.1986.10804167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1986.10804167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1986.10804167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111533365","display_name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des \u00e9tudes africaines","issn_l":"0008-3968","issn":["0008-3968","1923-3051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des \u00e9tudes africaines","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2295036843","https://openalex.org/W130086204","https://openalex.org/W7095272416","https://openalex.org/W2504182829","https://openalex.org/W2157117972","https://openalex.org/W2140455510","https://openalex.org/W1761389954","https://openalex.org/W1570983781","https://openalex.org/W2287434776","https://openalex.org/W2905354154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"R.A.":[0],"Sargent's":[1],"article":[2],"raises":[3],"more":[4,306],"questions":[5,41],"than":[6],"it":[7,33,305],"provides":[8],"answers,":[9],"but":[10,96],"this":[11],"should":[12],"not":[13,90],"be":[14],"taken":[15],"as":[16,80,312,336],"an":[205],"adverse":[18],"criticism.":[19],"To":[20],"a":[21,145,159,165,222,239,317],"generation":[22],"of":[23,25,57,73,102,133,153,176,179,200,221,225,232,238,257,270,291,296,301,316,322,334],"historians":[24],"Africa,":[26],"answers":[27],"have":[28,43],"come":[29],"rather":[30,97],"too":[31],"easily;":[32],"is":[34,47,89,118,249,260,304],"now":[35],"time":[36],"to":[37,49,111,149,208,264,308,324,345],"look":[38],"for":[39,51,218,247],"the":[40,55,67,100,108,112,131,134,141,151,154,177,189,193,197,219,229,250,261,267,283,287,310,329],"we":[42,275,294],"been":[44],"answering.":[45],"Sargent":[46,88,157,214,326],"prepared":[48],"accept":[50],"his":[52,180,185],"present":[53],"purposes":[54],"reconstruction":[56],"Benin":[58,76,105,155,163],"chronology":[59],"made":[60],"by":[61,77],"F.B.":[62],"Ataba.":[63],"He":[64],"inherits,":[65],"too,":[66],"very":[68],"considerable":[69],"and":[70,85,125,138,144,210,242,255,298,331],"respectable":[71],"corpus":[72],"work":[74],"on":[75,286],"such":[78],"writers":[79],"J.U.":[81],"Egharevba,":[82],"R.E.":[83],"Bradbury":[84],"A.F.C.":[86],"Ryder.":[87],"concerned":[91],"with":[92,98],"criticizing":[93],"these":[94],"works":[95],"identifying":[99],"trajectory":[101],"change":[103,265],"in":[104,120,123,130,184,191,202,350,352],"history":[106],"from":[107,164,319],"late":[109],"thirteenth":[110],"mid-sixteenth":[113],"centuries.":[114],"In":[115],"particular,":[116],"he":[117],"interested":[119],"those":[121],"changes":[122],"government":[124],"administration":[126],"which":[127],"were":[128,147,349],"initiated":[129],"reign":[132],"late-fourteenth-century":[135],"Oba":[136],"Edwedo":[137],"which,":[139],"over":[140],"next":[142],"century":[143],"half,":[146],"radically":[148],"transform":[150],"nature":[152],"polity.":[156],"describes":[158,328],"process":[160],"that":[161,187,347],"transformed":[162],"segmentary":[166],"redistributive":[167],"social":[168,253,262],"formation":[254,263],"into":[170,282],"imperial":[172],"trading":[173],"formation.":[174],"Much":[175],"interest":[178],"article,":[181],"however,":[182],"lies":[183],"argument":[186],"throughout":[188],"period":[190],"question":[192],"Otu":[194],"system":[195],"remained":[196],"dominant":[297],"mode":[199,224,256,269,290,321],"production":[201,226,271,323,335],"Benin,":[203],"having":[204],"inordinate":[206],"capacity":[207],"expand":[209],"develop":[211],"productive":[212],"ability.":[213],"does,":[215],"nevertheless,":[216],"allow":[217],"development":[220],"secondary":[299],"based":[227],"upon":[228],"increasing":[230],"use":[231],"slave":[233],"labor,":[234],"inevitably":[235],"raising":[236],"issues":[237],"singularly":[240],"controversial":[241],"even":[243],"intractable":[244],"kind.":[245],"What,":[246],"example,":[248],"relationship":[251],"between":[252],"production?":[258,292],"How":[259],"if":[266],"does":[272],"not?":[273],"Are":[274],"being":[276,279],"drawn,":[277],"without":[278],"told":[280],"so,":[281],"recurrent":[284],"debate":[285],"so-called":[288],"Asiatic":[289],"Should":[293],"speak":[295],"modes":[300,333],"production,":[302],"or":[303,314],"rewarding":[307],"regard":[309],"latter":[311],"indicative":[313],"diagnostic":[315],"transition":[318],"one":[320],"another?":[325],"himself":[327],"complementary,":[337],"yet":[338],"proceeds":[339],"(if":[340],"I":[341],"understand":[342],"him":[343],"correctly)":[344],"show":[346],"they":[348],"fact":[351]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}