{"id":"https://openalex.org/W227878633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700306","title":"Relation of Blood Counts during Clozapine Treatment to Serum Concentrations of Clozapine and Nor-Clozapine","display_name":"Relation of Blood Counts during Clozapine Treatment to Serum Concentrations of Clozapine and Nor-Clozapine","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W227878633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700306","mag":"227878633","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11987477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/070674370204700306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8901149","display_name":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0706-7437","issn":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110144719","display_name":"Lamidi Kola Oyewumi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Kola Oyewumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112046528","display_name":"Zack Z. Cernovsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zack Z Cernovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103519267","display_name":"David J. Freeman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060363400","display_name":"David L. Streiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0610-6271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0610-6271"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L Streiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Director, Kunin-Lunefeld Applied Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Director, Kunin-Lunefeld Applied Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69699237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"3","first_page":"257","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clozapine","display_name":"clozapine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norclozapine","display_name":"norclozapine","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-drug-levels","display_name":"serum drug concentration","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complete-blood-count","display_name":"complete blood count","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-blood-cell-count","display_name":"white blood cell count","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophils","display_name":"neutrophils","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphocytes","display_name":"lymphocytes","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemoglobin","display_name":"hemoglobin","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematocrit","display_name":"hematocrit","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-cytotoxicity","display_name":"neutrophil cytotoxicity","score":0.7559999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221361","display_name":"Clozapine","level":3,"score":0.9868978261947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780959883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111146","display_name":"Hematocrit","level":2,"score":0.6724793910980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5805847644805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778488018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42395","display_name":"White blood cell","level":2,"score":0.5185654759407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778917026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43041","display_name":"Hemoglobin","level":2,"score":0.4863734543323517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.4726268947124481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.40893056988716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3901624381542206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3828347623348236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.36997973918914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.32960665225982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.12686046957969666}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001772","descriptor_name":"Blood Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003024","descriptor_name":"Clozapine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003024","descriptor_name":"Clozapine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003024","descriptor_name":"Clozapine","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003024","descriptor_name":"Clozapine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004906","descriptor_name":"Erythrocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006207","descriptor_name":"Half-Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006400","descriptor_name":"Hematocrit","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006452","descriptor_name":"Hemoglobinometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008658","descriptor_name":"Inactivation, Metabolic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012565","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenic Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/070674370204700306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370204700306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8901149","display_name":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0706-7437","issn":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11987477","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11987477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54462727","https://openalex.org/W119444548","https://openalex.org/W1500560407","https://openalex.org/W1972942623","https://openalex.org/W2000810545","https://openalex.org/W2002061679","https://openalex.org/W2034943121","https://openalex.org/W2121630575","https://openalex.org/W2240085460","https://openalex.org/W2326277138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W54462727","https://openalex.org/W4414063233","https://openalex.org/W1983231816","https://openalex.org/W2407766283","https://openalex.org/W2412634091","https://openalex.org/W2979484804","https://openalex.org/W2187708086","https://openalex.org/W4404607229","https://openalex.org/W3113889971","https://openalex.org/W4404871507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"determine":[2],"the":[3,82,111,127,132,149,168,182,197,206],"relation":[4],"between":[5,163],"serum":[6,44,73,171],"clozapine":[7,16,47,115,172,193,211],"and":[8,11,41,48,62,96,104,144,151,167,173],"nor-clozapine":[9,49,195],"levels":[10],"blood":[12,92,101,136,140,198],"cell":[13],"counts":[14,93],"during":[15],"treatment.":[17],"METHOD:":[18],"We":[19,37],"undertook":[20],"a":[21,30,154],"prospective":[22],"longitudinal":[23],"study":[24],"of":[25,32,46,114,120,170,178,192,205],"37":[26],"consecutive":[27],"patients":[28],"with":[29,35],"diagnosis":[31],"schizophrenia":[33],"treated":[34],"clozapine.":[36],"obtained":[38],"informed":[39],"consent":[40],"then":[42],"determined":[43],"concentrations":[45,74],"weekly.":[50],"Clozapine":[51],"was":[52,116],"administered":[53],"daily":[54],"in":[55,131,148],"divided":[56],"doses":[57],"given":[58],"every":[59],"12":[60],"hours":[61],"adjusted":[63],"according":[64],"to":[65,88,196],"clinical":[66],"guidelines":[67],"for":[68,72,86],"its":[69],"use.":[70],"Samples":[71],"were":[75,106,161],"taken":[76],"at":[77,181],"steady":[78],"state,":[79],"immediately":[80],"before":[81,110],"next":[83],"morning's":[84,112],"dose,":[85],"4":[87],"8":[89],"weeks.":[90],"Complete":[91],"(CBC),":[94],"weight,":[95],"vital":[97],"signs":[98],"(that":[99],"is,":[100],"pressure,":[102],"pulse,":[103],"temperature)":[105],"also":[107],"monitored":[108],"weekly":[109],"dose":[113],"administered.":[117],"RESULTS:":[118],"Analyses":[119],"variance":[121],"showed":[122],"no":[123],"significant":[124],"changes":[125],"over":[126],"8-week":[128],"treatment":[129],"course":[130],"observed":[133],"mean":[134],"white":[135],"count":[137,141],"(WBC),":[138],"red":[139],"(RBC),":[142],"neutrophils,":[143],"lymphocytes":[145],"counts,":[146],"or":[147,194,200],"hemoglobin":[150],"hematocrit.":[152],"Only":[153],"few":[155],"weak":[156],"correlations":[157],"(r":[158],"<":[159],"0.21)":[160],"found":[162],"these":[164],"hematological":[165],"parameters":[166],"measures":[169],"nor-clozapine.":[174],"CONCLUSIONS:":[175],"The":[176,203],"mechanism":[177],"clozapine-induced":[179],"hematotoxicity":[180],"therapeutic":[183],"dosage":[184],"range":[185],"is":[186],"probably":[187],"not":[188],"by":[189,212],"direct":[190],"toxicity":[191],"cells":[199],"their":[201],"precursors.":[202],"formation":[204],"cytotoxic":[207],"nitrenium":[208],"compound":[209],"from":[210],"neutrophils":[213],"may":[214],"be":[215],"necessary.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}