{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2278743223","doi":null,"title":"Food Waste in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Need for Extension Education Programs to Increase Public Awareness","display_name":"Food Waste in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Need for Extension Education Programs to Increase Public Awareness","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2278743223","mag":"2278743223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2278743223","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sek:iacpro:0200895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040638929","display_name":"Khodran Hamdan Al-Zahrani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khodran Hamdan Al-Zahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067390439","display_name":"Mirza Barjees Baig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-3117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-3117"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirza Barjees Baig","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-3117","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"55","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12583","display_name":"Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12583","display_name":"Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14179","display_name":"Waste Management and Recycling","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14269","display_name":"Food Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-waste","display_name":"food waste","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension-education","display_name":"extension education","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-awareness","display_name":"public awareness","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-arabia","display_name":"Saudi Arabia","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-waste-reduction","display_name":"food waste reduction","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-imports","display_name":"food imports","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-scarcity","display_name":"water scarcity","score":0.8489999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777499484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18919","display_name":"Food waste","level":2,"score":0.6425181031227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.619844377040863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.6082409620285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5350291728973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.48783114552497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4368550181388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.39466041326522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.36907124519348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.341535747051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2997976243495941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20242366194725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1741657257080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.14313891530036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2278743223","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sek:iacpro:0200895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3122082026","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/sek/iacpro/0200895.html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sek:iacpro:0200895","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iises.net/proceedings/10th-international-academic-conference-vienna/table-of-content/detail?cid=2&iid=10&rid=895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901069826","https://openalex.org/W2809399460","https://openalex.org/W2889450844","https://openalex.org/W4292574120","https://openalex.org/W3183248504","https://openalex.org/W2898863634","https://openalex.org/W4390476074","https://openalex.org/W4402437991","https://openalex.org/W4390474935","https://openalex.org/W3003261452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Food":[0,97],"waste":[1,95,98,321,333,351],"has":[2,191,218,304],"been":[3,192],"recognized":[4],"all":[5,70,177],"over":[6,214],"the":[7,16,27,78,82,90,94,116,150,153,158,173,185,194,202,223,254,260,272,275,300,302,315,320,331,335,361,367],"world":[8],"and":[9,37,43,57,63,102,167,212,246,268,281,342,363,374],"in":[10,59,157,226,274,322,334,366],"Saudi":[11,161,188],"Arabia":[12,162,189],"too":[13],"as":[14,262],"one":[15,317],"prime":[17],"factors":[18,41,291],"limiting":[19],"food":[20,23,29,33,71,87,101,103,180,228,244,269,285,297,310,332,350,362],"security.":[21],"The":[22,40,155,230],"is":[24,164,204,277,311,325],"wasted":[25],"through":[26,369],"entire":[28],"chain:":[30],"by":[31,38,149,337,356],"farmers,":[32],"industries,":[34],"retailers,":[35],"caterers":[36],"consumers.":[39,79],"responsible":[42],"reasons":[44],"causing":[45],"such":[46],"losses":[47,58],"include:":[48],"lack":[49,52],"of":[50,53,69,93,152,160,178,187,209,236,243,284,296],"awareness,":[51],"shopping":[54],"planning,":[55],"left-overs,":[56],"households,":[60,109],"restaurants,":[61,110],"parties":[62],"occasions.":[64],"Roughly":[65],"about":[66,132],"40-50":[67],"%":[68],"ready":[72],"for":[73,121,169],"harvest":[74],"never":[75],"reaches":[76],"to":[77,81,147,221,250,293,306,313,319,329],"According":[80],"US":[83],"environmental":[84],"protection":[85],"agency,":[86],"leftovers":[88,105],"are":[89,265,286],"single-largest":[91],"component":[92],"stream.":[96],"includes":[99],"uneaten":[100],"preparation":[104],"from":[106,197],"residences":[107],"or":[108],"schools,":[111],"cafeterias":[112],"etc.":[113],"By":[114],"2075,":[115],"United":[117],"Nation's":[118],"mid-range":[119],"projection":[120],"global":[122],"population":[123,216],"growth":[124],"predicts":[125],"that":[126,138],"human":[127],"numbers":[128],"will":[129],"peak":[130],"at":[131,253],"9.5":[133],"billion":[134,145],"people.":[135],"This":[136],"means":[137,341],"there":[139],"could":[140],"be":[141,314,353],"an":[142,206],"extra":[143],"three":[144],"mouths":[146],"feed":[148],"end":[151],"century.":[154],"situation":[156,365],"Kingdom":[159,186,368],"(KSA)":[163,190],"more":[165],"crucial":[166],"difficult":[168,348],"several":[170,227],"reasons;":[171],"firstly":[172],"country":[174,203],"imports":[175],"almost":[176],"its":[179,237,251],"needs.":[181],"Secondly":[182],"since":[183],"1990,":[184],"among":[193],"countries":[195],"suffering":[196],"severe":[198],"water":[199,210,364],"shortage.":[200],"Despite":[201],"facing":[205],"acute":[207],"scarcity":[208],"resources":[211],"witnesses":[213],"growing":[215],"yet":[217,349],"successfully":[219],"managed":[220],"achieve":[222],"self-sufficiency":[224],"levels":[225],"commodities.":[229],"kingdom":[231],"spends":[232],"a":[233,263,294,307,326,370],"significant":[234],"portion":[235],"budget":[238],"on":[239,279,360],"importing":[240],"huge":[241,282],"volumes":[242],"commodities":[245],"makes":[247],"them":[248],"available":[249],"citizens":[252],"highly":[255],"subsidized":[256],"rates.":[257],"Above":[258],"all,":[259],"Saudis":[261],"nation":[264],"very":[266],"hospitable":[267],"lovers.":[270],"Also":[271],"culture":[273],"KSA":[276,336],"based":[278],"festivals":[280],"quantities":[283],"being":[287],"served.":[288],"All":[289],"these":[290],"lead":[292],"lot":[295],"waste.":[298],"At":[299],"moment,":[301],"wastefulness":[303],"reached":[305],"level":[308],"where":[309],"thought":[312],"number":[316],"contributor":[318],"landfills.":[323],"There":[324],"great":[327],"need":[328],"reduce":[330],"adopting":[338],"different":[339],"ways,":[340],"strategies.":[343],"Although":[344],"complete":[345],"prevention":[346],"seems":[347],"can":[352],"reduced":[354],"significantly":[355],"increasing":[357],"public":[358],"awareness":[359],"national":[371],"comprehensive":[372],"campaign":[373],"vibrant":[375],"extension":[376],"education":[377],"programs.":[378]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}