{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2278238591","doi":null,"title":"Circumventing Rodriguez: Can Plaintiffs Use the Equal Protection Clause to Challenge School Finance Disparities Caused by Inequitable State Distribution Policies?","display_name":"Circumventing Rodriguez: Can Plaintiffs Use the Equal Protection Clause to Challenge School Finance Disparities Caused by Inequitable State Distribution Policies?","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2278238591","mag":"2278238591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2278238591","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-355039611/circumventing-rodriguez-can-plaintiffs-use-the-equal","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081594629","display_name":"Preston C. Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-4532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-4532"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preston C. Green","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026078580","display_name":"Bruce D. Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-3909","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-3909","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0915-9072"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce D. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-3909","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8367,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98115164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"141","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13387","display_name":"Politics, Economics, and Education Policy","score":0.01590000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.012900000438094139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-finance-litigation","display_name":"school finance litigation","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-protection-clause","display_name":"Equal Protection Clause","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-property-taxation","display_name":"local property taxation","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-basis-test","display_name":"rational basis test","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-inequality","display_name":"educational inequality","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tenth-circuit","display_name":"Tenth Circuit","score":0.7200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779160553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137223","display_name":"Equal Protection Clause","level":3,"score":0.8664678931236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97460637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468489","display_name":"Plaintiff","level":2,"score":0.7964599132537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.7225451469421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5146507024765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4808262586593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47203055024147034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4556543827056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778803647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5312127","display_name":"Due Process Clause","level":3,"score":0.444486141204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992462468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q398141","display_name":"School district","level":2,"score":0.4400443732738495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909001134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603882","display_name":"State supreme court","level":3,"score":0.42552387714385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.42070674896240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.419664204120636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777171531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607695","display_name":"Property tax","level":3,"score":0.41019782423973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3302146792411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.25793683528900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551662922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346630","display_name":"Tax reform","level":2,"score":0.10495781898498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2278238591","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-355039611/circumventing-rodriguez-can-plaintiffs-use-the-equal","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124507031","https://openalex.org/W4248030931","https://openalex.org/W143197871","https://openalex.org/W23844491","https://openalex.org/W247190549","https://openalex.org/W1575878211","https://openalex.org/W55925373","https://openalex.org/W271004899","https://openalex.org/W1519424407","https://openalex.org/W1952506658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"In":[1,165],"1973,":[2],"the":[3,29,34,38,49,60,104,167,193,200,208,225,252,265,288,296,342,365,374,397,412,421,441,454,486,492,511,521],"Supreme":[4,105,455],"Court":[5,39,106,127,399,456],"ruled":[6,128,171],"in":[7,108,268,341,460,513,516,525,539,548,554],"San":[8],"Antonio":[9],"Independent":[10],"School":[11],"District":[12,398],"v.":[13,110,154],"Rodriguez":[14,113],"that":[15,41,89,112,129,172,179,251,274,303,371,395,411,440,485],"funding":[16,64,188,320],"disparities":[17,65],"among":[18,97],"school":[19,70,98,150,162,203,231,380,433,568],"districts":[20,326],"caused":[21,78,244,328],"by":[22,79,132,245,329],"local":[23,42,52,55,246,291,368],"property":[24,43,56,247],"taxation":[25,44,57],"did":[26,114],"not":[27,59,115],"violate":[28],"Equal":[30,117,194,211,311,353,389,493],"Protection":[31,118,195,212,312,354,390,494],"Clause.1":[32],"Applying":[33],"rational":[35,140,404,469,481,502,531],"basis":[36,141,405,470,503,532],"test,":[37],"concluded":[40],"was":[45],"rationally":[46,418],"related":[47,419],"to":[48,92,121,138,189,206,215,241,352,363,420,449,483,505,562],"purpose":[50],"of":[51,63,75,210,224,230,254,290,319,338,344,379,400,425,476],"control.2":[53],"However,":[54,453,510],"is":[58,77,146,327,417,473],"sole":[61],"cause":[62],"between":[66,279,322,429,564],"rich":[67,323],"and":[68,256,271,283,286,298,324,336,357,367,376,431,566],"poor":[69,325],"districts.":[71,99,434,569],"A":[72,148],"great":[73,317],"deal":[74,318],"inequality":[76,321],"state":[80,123,442],"school-funding":[81],"distribution":[82,124,346],"policies,":[83],"such":[84],"as":[85],"weighted":[86,216,330],"aid":[87,217,331],"policies":[88,134,347,543],"are":[90,305,557],"designed":[91],"address":[93],"educational":[94,284,558],"cost":[95,427,559],"differences":[96,428,560],"Thirteen":[100],"years":[101],"after":[102],"Rodriguez,":[103],"held":[107],"Papasan":[109,297],"Allain":[111],"foreclose":[116],"Clause":[119,213,313,355,391],"challenges":[120,214],"unequal":[122,550],"policies.3":[125],"The":[126,435,462,534],"classifications":[130,478],"created":[131],"these":[133,345],"would":[135],"also":[136],"have":[137,239,275,372,444,499,528],"withstand":[139],"analysis.4":[142],"This":[143,197,234],"legal":[144],"strategy":[145],"underdeveloped.":[147],"Kansas":[149,202,401],"finance":[151,163,204,232,381],"case,":[152],"Robinson":[153,299,514],"Kansas,5":[155],"might":[156,348,360],"breathe":[157],"new":[158],"life":[159],"into":[160],"Papasan-based":[161,310,388],"litigation.":[164,233,382],"Robinson,":[166,555],"Tenth":[168],"Circuit":[169],"has":[170,260],"plaintiffs":[173,359,436],"may":[174],"proceed":[175],"with":[176],"their":[177],"claim":[178,439],"Kansas'":[180,386],"low":[181,413,487],"enrollment":[182,414,488],"weighting":[183,415,489],"provision,":[184],"which":[185,472,526,540],"provides":[186,221],"additional":[187],"small":[190],"districts,":[191],"violates":[192,491],"Clause.6":[196],"article":[198],"examines":[199],"pending":[201,387],"case":[205],"determine":[207],"viability":[209],"policies.":[218],"Part":[219,293,383],"I":[220],"an":[222,549],"overview":[223,235],"three":[226],"periods,":[227],"or":[228],"waves,":[229],"explains":[236],"how":[237],"litigants":[238],"tried":[240],"remedy":[242],"inequalities":[243],"taxation.":[248],"We":[249,301,393],"explain":[250],"success":[253],"second":[255,375],"third":[257,377],"wave":[258],"litigation":[259],"been":[261],"limited":[262,373],"by:":[263],"(1)":[264,315],"complexities":[266],"involved":[267,537],"developing":[269],"equality":[270],"adequacy":[272],"measures":[273],"a":[276,316],"sufficient":[277],"connection":[278],"differential":[280,507,541],"governmental":[281,423,477,508,542],"treatment":[282],"injury;":[285],"(2)":[287,333],"doctrine":[289],"control.":[292],"II":[294],"discusses":[295],"cases.":[300],"observe":[302],"there":[304,556],"several":[306],"reasons":[307],"for":[308],"pursuing":[309],"challenges:":[314],"policies;":[332],"political":[334],"considerations":[335],"lack":[337],"technical":[339],"capacity":[340],"design":[343],"render":[349],"them":[350],"vulnerable":[351],"challenges;":[356],"(3)":[358],"be":[361],"able":[362],"avoid":[364],"measurement":[366],"control":[369],"problems":[370],"waves":[378],"III":[384],"analyzes":[385],"challenge.":[392],"conclude":[394],"if":[396],"applies":[402],"traditional":[403,480],"analysis,":[406],"it":[407],"will":[408,437],"probably":[409],"find":[410,484],"provision":[416,490],"legitimate":[422],"interest":[424],"equalizing":[426],"low-":[430,565],"high-enrollment":[432,567],"likely":[438],"could":[443],"adopted":[445],"less":[446],"discriminatory":[447],"means":[448],"accomplish":[450],"this":[451,458],"goal.":[452],"rejected":[457],"argument":[459],"Rodriguez.":[461],"district":[463],"court":[464],"might,":[465],"however,":[466],"apply":[467],"heightened":[468,501,530],"review,":[471],"more":[474],"critical":[475],"than":[479],"basis,":[482],"Clause.":[495],"On":[496],"occasion,":[497],"courts":[498,527],"applied":[500,529],"scrutiny":[504],"invalidate":[506],"treatment.":[509],"facts":[512],"differ":[515],"one":[517],"key":[518],"fashion":[519],"from":[520],"most":[522],"analogous":[523],"situations":[524,538],"scrutiny.":[533],"latter":[535],"cases":[536],"treated":[544],"similarly":[545],"situated":[546],"entities":[547],"fashion.":[551],"By":[552],"contrast,":[553],"relating":[561],"size":[563],"\u2026":[570]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}