{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2277513262","doi":null,"title":"A latent class approach for estimating energy demands and efficiency in transport: An application to Latin America and the Caribbean","display_name":"A latent class approach for estimating energy demands and efficiency in transport: An application to Latin America and the Caribbean","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2277513262","mag":"2277513262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oeg:wpaper:2014/04","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.unioviedo.es/oeg/ESP/esp_2014_04.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.unioviedo.es/oeg/ESP/esp_2014_04.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012182052","display_name":"Manuel Llorca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-7797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-7797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Llorca","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF OVIEDO"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-7797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF OVIEDO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039894848","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco Ba\u00f1os-Pino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3685-7909","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3685-7909"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Ba\u00f1os-Pino","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3685-7909","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Somoza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Somoza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062565674","display_name":"Pelayo Arbu\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-1074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-1074"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pelayo Arbu\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-1074","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-energy-demand","display_name":"transport energy demand","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-frontier-analysis","display_name":"stochastic frontier analysis","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-class-models","display_name":"latent class models","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unobserved-heterogeneity","display_name":"unobserved heterogeneity","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-price-elasticity","display_name":"energy price elasticity","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-elasticity","display_name":"income elasticity","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-america-and-the-caribbean","display_name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","score":0.9810000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.6229211091995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6188539862632751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.5725376605987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70727504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806878","display_name":"Latent class model","level":2,"score":0.5537053942680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5421943664550781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5325208306312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191399111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64861","display_name":"Transitive relation","level":2,"score":0.49989748001098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.45943328738212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97615858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341351","display_name":"Energy intensity","level":3,"score":0.4287712574005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.42779096961021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617818","display_name":"Stochastic frontier analysis","level":3,"score":0.41888099908828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41857367753982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.29109305143356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17855075001716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16219061613082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15857413411140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14580267667770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11260044574737549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.07962110638618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oeg:wpaper:2014/04","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.unioviedo.es/oeg/ESP/esp_2014_04.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.unioviedo.es/oeg/ESP/esp_2014_04.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oeg:wpaper:201404","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.unioviedo.es/oeg/ESP/esp_2014_04.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.unioviedo.es/oeg/ESP/esp_2014_04.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2277513262","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://economia.uniovi.es/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=7010729b-ec00-4767-acee-6b667a2701dd&groupId=800597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3125217226","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/oeg/wpaper/2014-04.html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506422675","https://openalex.org/W1552345907","https://openalex.org/W1581149804","https://openalex.org/W1965449229","https://openalex.org/W1966889903","https://openalex.org/W1975751584","https://openalex.org/W1982857411","https://openalex.org/W1989115171","https://openalex.org/W1996022577","https://openalex.org/W2000584459","https://openalex.org/W2003451007","https://openalex.org/W2005008687","https://openalex.org/W2009828442","https://openalex.org/W2013011873","https://openalex.org/W2026631319","https://openalex.org/W2033834012","https://openalex.org/W2040986708","https://openalex.org/W2042191340","https://openalex.org/W2046345129","https://openalex.org/W2047984942","https://openalex.org/W2049628922","https://openalex.org/W2051523702","https://openalex.org/W2053206174","https://openalex.org/W2060646203","https://openalex.org/W2071151783","https://openalex.org/W2075526748","https://openalex.org/W2077116645","https://openalex.org/W2078068039","https://openalex.org/W2081541758","https://openalex.org/W2085516303","https://openalex.org/W2087705543","https://openalex.org/W2088459792","https://openalex.org/W2098914534","https://openalex.org/W2117594039","https://openalex.org/W2134399300","https://openalex.org/W2140176110","https://openalex.org/W2151049453","https://openalex.org/W2155841743","https://openalex.org/W2736641890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2555313580","https://openalex.org/W2275464879","https://openalex.org/W2026631319","https://openalex.org/W1105182661","https://openalex.org/W2887017926","https://openalex.org/W1594260001","https://openalex.org/W7197260115","https://openalex.org/W166684286","https://openalex.org/W3215521579","https://openalex.org/W3125176182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,199,202],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,57,204],"use":[4,60,96],"a":[5,34,62,97,126,209],"stochastic":[6,100],"frontier":[7,23,101],"analysis":[8],"approach":[9,102],"to":[10,27,37,50,68,95,115,216],"estimate":[11],"demand":[12,108,136],"functions":[13,24,137],"for":[14,46,70,139,174,191],"energy":[15,29,39,107,132,135,143,169,187],"in":[16,103,145,189,201,214],"the":[17,38,51,59,71,93,104,119,122,130,140,149,157,175,192,195,206,221],"transport":[18,123,150,190],"sector.":[19],"The":[20,110],"estimation":[21,105],"of":[22,61,73,75,106,129,142,151,159,162,185,194,208],"allows":[25,67],"us":[26],"obtain":[28],"efficiency":[30],"measures":[31],"that":[32,42,66,81,166],"are":[33,43,82],"robust":[35],"alternative":[36],"intensity":[40],"indicators":[41,184],"commonly":[44],"used":[45],"international":[47,178,225],"comparisons.":[48],"Due":[49],"likely":[52],"unobserved":[53],"heterogeneity":[54],"among":[55],"countries,":[56],"propose":[58,205],"latent":[63,98],"class":[64,99],"model":[65],"test":[69],"existence":[72],"groups":[74],"countries":[76,196],"with":[77,84],"clearly":[78],"differentiated":[79],"demands":[80],"associated":[83],"distinct":[85],"price":[86,144],"and":[87,118,154],"income":[88],"elasticities.":[89],"This":[90],"study":[91],"is":[92,113,171],"first":[94],"functions.":[109],"proposed":[111],"procedure":[112],"applied":[114],"Latin":[116],"America":[117],"Caribbean,":[120],"where":[121],"sector":[124],"represents":[125],"large":[127],"share":[128],"total":[131],"consumption.":[133],"These":[134],"call":[138],"inclusion":[141],"their":[146],"estimation.":[147],"As":[148],"both":[152],"goods":[153],"passengers":[155],"implies":[156],"consumption":[158],"different":[160],"types":[161],"energy,":[163],"an":[164],"index":[165,212],"aggregates":[167],"various":[168],"prices":[170,188],"thus":[172],"required":[173],"analysis.":[176],"However,":[177],"agencies":[179],"do":[180],"not":[181],"provide":[182],"specific":[183],"aggregate":[186],"majority":[193],"analysed.":[197],"For":[198],"reason,":[200],"paper":[203],"construction":[207],"transitive":[210],"multilateral":[211],"which,":[213],"contrast":[215],"those":[217],"frequently":[218],"presented":[219],"by":[220],"aforementioned":[222],"agencies,":[223],"facilitates":[224],"comparisons":[226],"over":[227],"time.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
