{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2277258784","doi":null,"title":"tetrad: A Program for Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis","display_name":"tetrad: A Program for Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2277258784","mag":"2277258784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:boc:scon15:9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repec.org/col2015/columbus15_bauldry.pdf","pdf_url":"http://repec.org/col2015/columbus15_bauldry.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002233206","display_name":"Shawn Bauldry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-3125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-3125"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shawn Bauldry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-3125","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047232270","display_name":"Kenneth A. Bollen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6710-3800","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6710-3800"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth A. Bollen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6710-3800","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"structural equation modeling","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-fit-assessment","display_name":"model fit assessment","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nested-model-comparison","display_name":"nested model comparison","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymptotic-covariance-matrix","display_name":"asymptotic covariance matrix","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stata-command","display_name":"Stata command","score":0.7889999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147727578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7706297","display_name":"Tetrad","level":2,"score":0.9772127866744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.6717593669891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.6682395339012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6556310653686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169857963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1461038","display_name":"Test statistic","level":3,"score":0.6263735294342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5590131282806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.5193299055099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.44918617606163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.4421899914741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4126332402229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4122655391693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3895397186279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3731541335582733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06053999066352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:boc:scon15:9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repec.org/col2015/columbus15_bauldry.pdf","pdf_url":"http://repec.org/col2015/columbus15_bauldry.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2277258784","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:boc:scon15:9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3122499224","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/boc/scon15/9.html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2486943582","https://openalex.org/W2315125263","https://openalex.org/W2890648085","https://openalex.org/W2047567955","https://openalex.org/W7098396629","https://openalex.org/W2099948111","https://openalex.org/W2055557782","https://openalex.org/W2036738661","https://openalex.org/W4296863445","https://openalex.org/W2031650092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Confirmatory":[0],"tetrad":[1,155,198],"analysis":[2],"(CTA)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,34,99,132,175,184],"method":[6],"of":[7,13,25,27,29,40,87,166],"testing":[8,41],"and":[9,66,79,113,115,151,169,195],"comparing":[10],"the":[11,23,88,93,107,137,142,154,164,192,197],"fit":[12],"Structural":[14],"Equation":[15],"Models":[16],"(SEMs)":[17],"based":[18,105],"on":[19,85,106],"tetrads":[20,65,126],"(differences":[21],"in":[22,62,110],"product":[24],"pairs":[26],"covariance":[28,139,172,181],"observed":[30,167],"variables).":[31],"CTA":[32,104],"has":[33],"few":[35],"benefits":[36],"over":[37],"alternative":[38,77],"methods":[39],"SEM":[42],"model":[43,89,177],"fit,":[44],"including":[45],"(1)":[46,123],"some":[47,58],"underidentified":[48],"SEMs":[49,59],"are":[50,60,73],"still":[51],"testable":[52],"using":[53,76],"their":[54,63],"vanishing":[55,64,143,149],"tetrads,":[56,144,150],"(2)":[57,135],"nested":[61,75,185],"can":[67,82,188],"be":[68,189],"directly":[69],"compared":[70],"while":[71],"they":[72],"not":[74],"estimators,":[78],"(3)":[80,145],"researchers":[81],"perform":[83],"tests":[84],"parts":[86],"as":[90,92,162],"well":[91],"whole":[94],"model.":[95],"We":[96],"have":[97],"developed":[98],"Stata":[100,159],"command":[101,160,194],"that":[102,128,187],"conducts":[103],"approach":[108,119],"outlined":[109],"Bollen":[111,114],"(1990)":[112],"Ting":[116],"(1993).":[117],"The":[118,158],"involves":[120],"4":[121],"steps:":[122],"identify":[124,146],"vanish":[125],"(tetrads":[127],"equal":[129],"0)":[130],"for":[131,141],"given":[133],"model,":[134],"compute":[136,153],"asymptotic":[138],"matrix":[140,173],"non":[147],"redundant":[148],"(4)":[152],"test":[156,199],"statistic.":[157,200],"takes":[161],"input":[163],"set":[165],"variables":[168],"an":[170],"implied":[171,180],"from":[174],"hypothesized":[176],"(or":[178],"two":[179],"matrices":[182],"if":[183],"test)":[186],"obtained":[190],"following":[191],"sem":[193],"returns":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
