{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2277142004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.004382","title":"Self-phase modulation of nanosecond pulses in fiber amplifiers with gain saturation","display_name":"Self-phase modulation of nanosecond pulses in fiber amplifiers with gain saturation","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2277142004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.004382","mag":"2277142004","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29092266"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.24.004382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.004382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.004382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.004382","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071062937","display_name":"Xinglai Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-2226","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-2226"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinglai Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454574","display_name":"Haitao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5664-2676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5664-2676"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"He Hao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079296588","display_name":"Dan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0398","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0398"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062122030","display_name":"Ping Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8177-7019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8177-7019"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101891496","display_name":"Mali Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-7286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4277-7286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mali Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Photonics and Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"apc_paid":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"fwci":0.9156,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74036533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"4382","last_page":"4382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.06620000302791595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10566","display_name":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-phase-modulation","display_name":"self-phase modulation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gain-saturation","display_name":"gain saturation","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanosecond-pulses","display_name":"nanosecond pulses","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-amplifiers","display_name":"fiber amplifiers","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-broadening","display_name":"spectral broadening","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superluminescent-diode","display_name":"superluminescent diode","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-nonlinearity","display_name":"higher-order nonlinearities","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-peak-power-pulses","display_name":"high peak power pulses","score":0.7129999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51141536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838801","display_name":"Nanosecond","level":3,"score":0.8028120398521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7483012676239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5425539612770081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9930424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7426587","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5284923315048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101649071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359305","display_name":"Optical amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5021028518676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779202686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183467","display_name":"Self-phase modulation","level":4,"score":0.48296087980270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.48069626092910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986726991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359305","display_name":"Fiber amplifier","level":4,"score":0.47483330965042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62103226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902598","display_name":"Doppler broadening","level":3,"score":0.44706231355667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.4444517493247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.41659867763519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.348371684551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.3444559574127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3434038758277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78854221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756033","display_name":"Nonlinear optics","level":3,"score":0.3405672311782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.1842549443244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.12641263008117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.24.004382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.004382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.004382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29092266","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29092266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics express","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.24.004382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.004382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.004382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1230798481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61475081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992709041","https://openalex.org/W1993611609","https://openalex.org/W1996482484","https://openalex.org/W1997882428","https://openalex.org/W2012291066","https://openalex.org/W2020478105","https://openalex.org/W2029050851","https://openalex.org/W2038982470","https://openalex.org/W2062981827","https://openalex.org/W2082170274","https://openalex.org/W2085205410","https://openalex.org/W2128366654","https://openalex.org/W2137590418","https://openalex.org/W2143061652","https://openalex.org/W2171280944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065246571","https://openalex.org/W2038982470","https://openalex.org/W4321070239","https://openalex.org/W4389179879","https://openalex.org/W2013141280","https://openalex.org/W1973670543","https://openalex.org/W2942499510","https://openalex.org/W6984956732","https://openalex.org/W2087923491","https://openalex.org/W2526712813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SPM":[0,110],"is":[1,31,112],"an":[2],"important":[3],"limitation":[4],"in":[5,65],"some":[6],"fiber":[7,71],"lasers":[8],"and":[9,27,41,80,86,95,100,114],"amplifier":[10,72],"systems.":[11],"In":[12],"this":[13],"paper,":[14],"the":[15,21,48,101,109],"influence":[16,102],"of":[17,35,103],"gain":[18,51,87],"saturation":[19,88],"on":[20,108],"SPM-induced":[22,36],"spectral":[23,37],"broadening":[24,38],"for":[25,39,61],"coherent":[26,40],"incoherent":[28,42,62],"nanosecond":[29,43,63],"pulses":[30,44,64,75],"discussed.":[32],"The":[33],"models":[34],"are":[45,54,84,98],"generalized":[46],"to":[47,56],"amplification":[49],"with":[50,76],"saturation.":[52],"Experiments":[53],"conducted":[55],"validate":[57],"our":[58],"theoretical":[59,93],"analysis":[60,94],"a":[66],"super-luminescent":[67],"diode":[68],"seeded":[69],"cascaded":[70],"system":[73],"where":[74],"high":[77,81],"peak":[78],"power":[79],"pulse":[82],"energy":[83],"generated":[85],"occurs.":[89],"Excellent":[90],"agreements":[91],"between":[92],"experimental":[96],"results":[97],"obtained,":[99],"higher":[104],"order":[105],"nonlinear":[106],"terms":[107],"effect":[111],"observed":[113],"analyzed":[115],".":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}