{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2276441908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/961386","title":"Early External Active Thermal Control for the International Space Station","display_name":"Early External Active Thermal Control for the International Space Station","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2276441908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/961386","mag":"2276441908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4271/961386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/961386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/961386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043069110","display_name":"Gyan Hajela","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256118","display_name":"Rockwell International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03sh0x419","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyan Hajela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rockwell International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rockwell International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016901021","display_name":"Frank J. Gombos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256118","display_name":"Rockwell International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03sh0x419","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Gombos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rockwell International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rockwell International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029938379","display_name":"Adon Delgado","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256118","display_name":"Rockwell International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03sh0x419","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adon Delgado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rockwell International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rockwell International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031679606","display_name":"Val Goldberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256118","display_name":"Rockwell International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03sh0x419","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Val Goldberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rockwell International"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rockwell International","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256118"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70672547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.88919997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.88919997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14214","display_name":"Space Exploration and Technology","score":0.04600000008940697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13200","display_name":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","score":0.025699999183416367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-space-station","display_name":"International Space Station","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-orbit-assembly","display_name":"on-orbit assembly","score":0.7789999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520752033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25271","display_name":"International Space Station","level":2,"score":0.5674790143966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4780631363391876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4776005744934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.44393327832221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4196981191635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2578253149986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22176551818847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19241496920585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.14038676023483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09211337566375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06904914975166321}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4271/961386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/961386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/961386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.571399986743927,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2316404985"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2246951086","https://openalex.org/W1586312194","https://openalex.org/W2264899665","https://openalex.org/W2285297952","https://openalex.org/W2235317355","https://openalex.org/W2267157916","https://openalex.org/W1546287653","https://openalex.org/W2226575803","https://openalex.org/W2201679998","https://openalex.org/W2198317039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32,156,179,215,242,273],"early":[1,17,29,77,83,104],"external":[2,64],"active":[3,65],"thermal":[4,66,160],"control":[5,67,161,190],"system":[6,68,72],"(EEATCS)":[7],"is":[8,34,60,73,87,99,108,167,181,221,235],"designed":[9,182],"to":[10,26,101,123,135,139,149,169,183,199,206,223,263],"cool":[11,170],"the":[12,21,56,58,63,85,90,96,111,177,185,196,212,230,245,249,252,256,259,277,280,289,292],"U.S.":[13],"Laboratory":[14],"(USL),":[15],"during":[16,76,82,267],"assembly":[18,133],"stages":[19],"of":[20,41,119,209,218,279,285,291],"International":[22],"Space":[23],"Station":[24],"(ISS),":[25],"support":[27,136],"assured":[28],"research":[30],"(AER).":[31],"ISS":[33],"assembled":[35],"on":[36,176],"orbit":[37],"over":[38,46,282],"a":[39,93,146,159,283],"period":[40],"about":[42,52],"5":[43],"years":[44],"and":[45,141,145,172,192,205,258,269,288],"40":[47],"stages.":[48,78],"During":[49,103,227],"later":[50,94,228],"stages,":[51,84,105,229],"half":[53],"way":[54],"through":[55],"assembly,":[57],"USL":[59,86,97],"cooled":[61,88],"by":[62,89,110],"(EATCS),":[69],"but":[70],"that":[71],"not":[74],"available":[75],"To":[79],"assure":[80],"research,":[81],"EEATCS;":[91],"at":[92],"stage,":[95],"cooling":[98],"switched":[100],"EATCS.":[102],"electric":[106,143],"power":[107,154],"provided":[109],"integrated":[112,131],"truss":[113],"segment":[114],"(ITS)":[115],"P6,":[116],"which":[117,166],"consists":[118],"photovoltaic":[120],"(PV)":[121],"arrays":[122],"convert":[124],"sunlight":[125],"into":[126],"direct":[127],"current":[128,253],"power,":[129,144],"an":[130],"equipment":[132],"(IEA)":[134],"hardware":[137,187,204,231],"required":[138],"store":[140],"condition":[142],"long":[147,216],"spacer":[148,217],"provide":[150],"spacing":[151],"between":[152,211],"outboard":[153],"modules.":[155],"IEA":[157],"contains":[158],"system,":[162],"called":[163],"PV":[164,197,238],"TCS,":[165,239],"used":[168,194,222,232,236,262],"batteries":[171],"other":[173],"electronic":[174],"boxes":[175],"IEA.":[178],"EEATCS":[180,225,234,281],"use":[184],"same":[186],"(pumps,":[188],"flow":[189],"valves,":[191],"radiators)":[193],"for":[195,202,233,237,248],"TCS":[198],"eliminate":[200],"need":[201],"new":[203],"maintain":[207,264],"commonality":[208],"design":[210,246,254],"two":[213],"systems.":[214],"ITS":[219],"P6":[220],"mount":[224],"hardware.":[226],"as":[240],"needed.":[241],"paper":[243,274],"describes":[244,276],"requirements":[247,266],"EEATCS,":[250],"how":[251],"meets":[255],"requirements,":[257],"controls":[260],"strategy":[261],"interface":[265],"normal":[268],"abnormal":[270],"operating":[271,286],"conditions.":[272],"also":[275],"performance":[278],"range":[284],"conditions,":[287],"start-up":[290],"EEATCS.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
