{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2276358050","doi":null,"title":"Interactions between STDs and HIV infection.","display_name":"Interactions between STDs and HIV infection.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2276358050","mag":"2276358050","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12285727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12285727","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12285727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"STD bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114071238","display_name":"M. Laga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M Laga","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114071238"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58118573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.6211000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.6211000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10428","display_name":"Reproductive tract infections research","score":0.33980000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10146","display_name":"Cervical Cancer and HPV Research","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexually-transmitted-infections","display_name":"sexually transmitted infections","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-infection","display_name":"HIV infection","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-seroconversion","display_name":"HIV seroconversion","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genital-ulcer-disease","display_name":"genital ulcer disease","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chancroid","display_name":"chancroid","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gonorrhea","display_name":"gonorrhea","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichomoniasis","display_name":"trichomoniasis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurosyphilis","display_name":"neurosyphilis","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-sex-workers","display_name":"female sex workers","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-transmission-risk-factors","display_name":"HIV transmission risk factors","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/std-prevention-and-control","display_name":"STD prevention and control","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780276817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116466","display_name":"Genital ulcer","level":5,"score":0.849551796913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777871504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31798","display_name":"Chancroid","level":4,"score":0.8392110466957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8208857178688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776983459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41083","display_name":"Syphilis","level":3,"score":0.7561242580413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778082588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101896","display_name":"Gonorrhea","level":3,"score":0.748376727104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777451964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2141450","display_name":"Seroconversion","level":3,"score":0.6390950679779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5589534044265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909760446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12198","display_name":"Sexually transmitted disease","level":4,"score":0.531308650970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777023796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745865","display_name":"Trichomoniasis","level":2,"score":0.5205891728401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4871089458465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45189115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502159","display_name":"Serology","level":3,"score":0.4170597791671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.2903542220592499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.22807374596595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.1199396550655365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001695","descriptor_name":"Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002602","descriptor_name":"Chancroid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003933","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004194","descriptor_name":"Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006069","descriptor_name":"Gonorrhea","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006558","descriptor_name":"Herpes Genitalis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007239","descriptor_name":"Infections","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009934","descriptor_name":"Organization and Administration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012725","descriptor_name":"Sexual Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012749","descriptor_name":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013587","descriptor_name":"Syphilis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014777","descriptor_name":"Virus Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019411","descriptor_name":"Clinical Laboratory Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12285727","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12285727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"STD bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2276358050","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12285727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071459676","https://openalex.org/W2263974233","https://openalex.org/W2070953605","https://openalex.org/W4300569222","https://openalex.org/W2153060569","https://openalex.org/W2009628080","https://openalex.org/W2286715396","https://openalex.org/W2079981443","https://openalex.org/W2172188425","https://openalex.org/W2295762013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"simple":[1],"quantitative":[2],"measures":[3],"of":[4,6,32,43,71,92,109,166,176,197,207,209,229],"levels":[5],"infectious":[7],"virus":[8],"in":[9,48,81,112,212,222,234],"blood,":[10],"semen,":[11],"and":[12,33,46,91,124,136,173,179,248],"cervical":[13],"secretions":[14],"do":[15],"not":[16,22,187],"exist,":[17],"the":[18,25,116,242],"medical":[19],"community":[20],"does":[21],"yet":[23],"understand":[24],"biological":[26],"factors":[27],"that":[28,51,85,115,142,153],"determine":[29],"both":[30],"infectivity":[31],"susceptibility":[34],"to":[35,130,160,170,244],"sexually":[36,118],"transmitted":[37,119],"HIV":[38,65,131,143,154,191,213,217,235,252],"infection.":[39],"A":[40,195,220],"prospective":[41],"study":[42,80,108,196,221],"female":[44,110],"prostitutes":[45,111],"clients":[47],"Kenya":[49,223],"shows":[50,201],"genital":[52],"ulcer":[53],"disease":[54,233],"(GUD)":[55],"especially":[56],"chancroid":[57],"was":[58,88],"a":[59,72,78,103,189,202,225],"very":[60],"strong":[61],"risk":[62],"factor":[63],"for":[64],"seroconversion":[66],"(relative":[67],"risk=4.7).":[68],"The":[69],"presence":[70],"GUD":[73,86,104],"also":[74,127],"facilitated":[75],"transmission.":[76],"Yet":[77],"cohort":[79],"Kinshasa,":[82],"Zaire":[83],"demonstrates":[84,224],"prevalence":[87],"only":[89],"5%":[90],"55":[93],"women":[94],"who":[95],"seroconverted":[96],"over":[97],"2":[98],"years,":[99],"just":[100],"4":[101],"had":[102],"before":[105],"seroconversion.":[106],"Another":[107],"Kinshasa":[113],"finds":[114],"nonulcerative":[117],"diseases":[120],"(STDs)":[121],"chlamydiasis,":[122],"gonorrhea,":[123],"trichomoniasis":[125],"were":[126],"strongly":[128],"related":[129],"seroconversions":[132],"(odds":[133],"ratios=5,":[134],"3.5,":[135],"1.9,":[137],"respectively).":[138],"Other":[139],"research":[140],"indicated":[141],"infection":[144,155],"influences":[145],"STDs.":[146],"For":[147],"example,":[148],"several":[149],"case":[150],"reports":[151],"indicate":[152],"causes":[156],"more":[157],"frequent":[158],"progression":[159],"neurosyphilis,":[161],"an":[162],"atypical":[163],"clinical":[164],"presentation":[165],"syphilis,":[167],"poor":[168],"response":[169],"standard":[171],"therapy,":[172],"high":[174],"numbers":[175],"false":[177,180],"negative":[178,192,218],"positive":[181,214,236],"serologic":[182],"tests.":[183],"These":[184,238],"studies":[185],"did":[186],"use":[188],"comparative":[190],"group,":[193],"however.":[194],"116":[198],"homosexual":[199],"men":[200],"significantly":[203],"greater":[204],"mean":[205],"number":[206],"recurrences":[208],"anal":[210],"warts":[211],"cases":[215],"than":[216],"cases.":[219],"4-fold":[226],"higher":[227],"incidence":[228],"gonococcal":[230],"pelvic":[231],"inflammatory":[232],"prostitutes.":[237],"various":[239],"results":[240],"highlight":[241],"need":[243],"integrate":[245],"STD":[246],"prevention":[247],"control":[249,253],"efforts":[250],"with":[251],"programs.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}