{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2276129147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jyceaj.0004201","title":"Removal of Air from Water Lines by Hydraulic Means","display_name":"Removal of Air from Water Lines by Hydraulic Means","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2276129147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jyceaj.0004201","mag":"2276129147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/jyceaj.0004201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jyceaj.0004201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jyceaj.0004201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209892","display_name":"Journal of the Hydraulics Division","issn_l":"0044-796X","issn":["0044-796X","2690-2524"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Hydraulics Division","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112422982","display_name":"Paul E. Wisner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul E. Wisner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mgr., Hydrologic Sciences Div., James F. MacLaren Ltd., Environmental Engrs. and Scientists, Willowdale, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mgr., Hydrologic Sciences Div., James F. MacLaren Ltd., Environmental Engrs. and Scientists, Willowdale, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044379304","display_name":"Farrukh N. Mohsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farrukh N. Mohsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Asst., Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Asst., Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111653905","display_name":"N. Kouwen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Kouwen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asst. Prof. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asst. Prof. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58110959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"101","issue":"2","first_page":"243","last_page":"257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.5590999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.5590999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12022","display_name":"Hydraulic flow and structures","score":0.4390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11202","display_name":"Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-removal","display_name":"air removal","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-transmission-pipelines","display_name":"water transmission pipelines","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pockets","display_name":"air pockets","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-entrainment","display_name":"air entrainment","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blowback","display_name":"blowback","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-corrosion","display_name":"pipeline corrosion","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pump-efficiency","display_name":"pump efficiency","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-model-testing","display_name":"scale model testing","score":0.6169999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.5443664193153381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.522602379322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5194618105888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992958184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817125","display_name":"Air water","level":2,"score":0.47253966331481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.44330716133117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33134937286376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.32747694849967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0984937846660614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/jyceaj.0004201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jyceaj.0004201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jyceaj.0004201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209892","display_name":"Journal of the Hydraulics Division","issn_l":"0044-796X","issn":["0044-796X","2690-2524"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Hydraulics Division","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127268617","https://openalex.org/W4385707319","https://openalex.org/W1535844432","https://openalex.org/W3148267657","https://openalex.org/W2531787390","https://openalex.org/W2229103833","https://openalex.org/W3055686436","https://openalex.org/W3164038581","https://openalex.org/W2911238159","https://openalex.org/W11954492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Air":[0],"is":[1,48],"introduced":[2],"into":[3],"water":[4],"transmission":[5],"lines":[6],"through":[7],"vortices":[8],"at":[9,55],"intakes,":[10],"pumps,":[11],"vents,":[12],"and":[13,23,33,67,89],"other":[14],"causes.":[15],"This":[16],"results":[17,90],"in":[18,27],"loss":[19],"of":[20,31,35,53,60,71,83,85,91,108],"capacity,":[21],"surges":[22],"blow":[24],"backs,":[25],"difficulties":[26],"filtering":[28],"operations,":[29],"corrosion":[30],"lines,":[32],"reduction":[34],"pump":[36],"efficiency":[37],"to":[38,45,49,79],"name":[39],"a":[40],"few.":[41],"The":[42],"best":[43],"solution":[44],"air":[46,54,61,64,87],"problems":[47],"prevent":[50],"the":[51,56,69,72,81,106],"introduction":[52],"intake.":[57],"Other":[58],"means":[59],"removal":[62],"are":[63,96],"relief":[65],"valves":[66],"by":[68],"inertia":[70],"flowing":[73],"water.":[74],"No":[75],"conventional":[76],"similitude":[77],"exist":[78],"study":[80],"time":[82],"clearance":[84,107],"isolated":[86,109],"pockets":[88,110],"Froudian":[92],"scale":[93],"model":[94],"tests":[95],"very":[97],"conservative.":[98],"For":[99],"pipe":[100],"sizes":[101],"below":[102],"1":[103],"ft.":[104],"(0.30m)":[105],"may":[111],"require":[112],"higher":[113],"than":[114],"practical":[115],"velocities.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}