{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2275634877","doi":null,"title":"Structural Diversity and Homophily: A Study Across More than One Hundred Large-Scale Networks","display_name":"Structural Diversity and Homophily: A Study Across More than One Hundred Large-Scale Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2275634877","mag":"2275634877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2275634877","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.07048v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.07048v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052284218","display_name":"Yuxiao Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-2002","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-2002"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-2002","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087984697","display_name":"Reid A. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1449-4940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1449-4940"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. A. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1449-4940","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743369","display_name":"Jian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3521-6843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3521-6843"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3521-6843","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068157871","display_name":"Nitesh V. Chawla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-5956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-5956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitesh V. Chawla","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-5956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11476","display_name":"Graph theory and applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2607","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-diversity","display_name":"structural diversity","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-neighbors","display_name":"common neighbors","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-formation","display_name":"link formation","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-signatures","display_name":"network signatures","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-scale-networks","display_name":"large-scale networks","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-evolution","display_name":"network evolution","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-network-structure","display_name":"local network structure","score":0.7699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891525","display_name":"Homophily","level":2,"score":0.9727041721343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.6577475070953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5653796195983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.48915961384773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137753397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434424","display_name":"Network science","level":3,"score":0.48665791749954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988224531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20830730","display_name":"Network structure","level":2,"score":0.45734357833862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4507385492324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4348449110984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68416499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001033","display_name":"Network formation","level":2,"score":0.43196696043014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4307987689971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.42451637983322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.4184882640838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780600066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239828","display_name":"Preferential attachment","level":3,"score":0.41285306215286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.343478262424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24456331133842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2343505322933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.230929434299469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.21467453241348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18696936964988708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14870479702949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11125800013542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.10564640164375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2275634877","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.07048v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2275634877","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.07048v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19838944","https://openalex.org/W131619556","https://openalex.org/W1512140523","https://openalex.org/W1556758605","https://openalex.org/W1975563293","https://openalex.org/W1976969221","https://openalex.org/W1989324514","https://openalex.org/W1995907191","https://openalex.org/W1999216122","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2015953751","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2022266816","https://openalex.org/W2022322548","https://openalex.org/W2037933327","https://openalex.org/W2060900710","https://openalex.org/W2066692087","https://openalex.org/W2099021783","https://openalex.org/W2107569009","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2111708605","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2113014179","https://openalex.org/W2115022330","https://openalex.org/W2118745042","https://openalex.org/W2126359798","https://openalex.org/W2127201730","https://openalex.org/W2129129488","https://openalex.org/W2130354913","https://openalex.org/W2144487656","https://openalex.org/W2149055314","https://openalex.org/W2151078464","https://openalex.org/W2155186673","https://openalex.org/W2156020699","https://openalex.org/W2167467982","https://openalex.org/W2169015768","https://openalex.org/W2270133505","https://openalex.org/W2294347342","https://openalex.org/W2755088640","https://openalex.org/W2996402732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2744010327","https://openalex.org/W2963281832","https://openalex.org/W1587653186","https://openalex.org/W1580066412","https://openalex.org/W4405956115","https://openalex.org/W4385733567","https://openalex.org/W2755626932","https://openalex.org/W2317657874","https://openalex.org/W4230983487","https://openalex.org/W2953466322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,46,71,138,159],"ways":[2],"in":[3,16,158],"which":[4,27,104],"local":[5],"network":[6,17,102,111,151,167],"structures":[7,48],"are":[8,35],"formed":[9,49],"and":[10,90,130,166],"organized":[11],"is":[12,24,57,148],"a":[13,78,100,124],"fundamental":[14],"problem":[15],"science.":[18],"A":[19],"widely":[20],"recognized":[21],"organizing":[22],"principle":[23,139],"structural":[25,72,121,146],"homophily,":[26],"suggests":[28],"that":[29,120,145],"people":[30],"with":[31,40,85],"more":[32,36],"common":[33,51,75],"neighbors":[34,52],"likely":[37],"to":[38,98,107,155],"connect":[39],"each":[41],"other.":[42],"However,":[43],"what":[44],"influence":[45],"diverse":[47],"by":[50,68,115],"have":[53],"on":[54,127],"link":[55,128,164],"formation":[56,165],"much":[58],"less":[59],"well":[60],"understood.":[61],"To":[62],"explore":[63],"this":[64,96],"problem,":[65],"we":[66,105,131],"begin":[67],"formally":[69],"defining":[70],"diversity":[73,122,147],"of":[74,80,140,161,163],"neighborhoods.":[76],"Using":[77],"collection":[79],"116":[81],"large-scale":[82],"networks---the":[83],"biggest":[84],"over":[86],"60":[87],"million":[88],"nodes":[89],"1.8":[91],"billion":[92],"edges---we":[93],"then":[94],"leverage":[95],"definition":[97],"develop":[99],"unique":[101],"signature,":[103],"use":[106],"uncover":[108],"several":[109],"distinct":[110],"superfamilies":[112],"not":[113],"discoverable":[114],"conventional":[116],"methods.":[117],"We":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"has":[123],"significant":[125],"impact":[126],"existence,":[129],"discover":[132],"striking":[133],"cases":[134],"where":[135],"it":[136],"violates":[137],"homophily.":[141],"Our":[142],"findings":[143],"suggest":[144],"an":[149],"intrinsic":[150],"property,":[152],"giving":[153],"rise":[154],"potential":[156],"advances":[157],"pursuit":[160],"theories":[162],"evolution.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
