{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2275459140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/795858","title":"Repression of the Political Emigre. The Underground to International Law: A Proposal for Remedy","display_name":"Repression of the Political Emigre. The Underground to International Law: A Proposal for Remedy","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2275459140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/795858","mag":"2275459140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/795858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/795858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/795858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161895660","display_name":"The Yale Law Journal","issn_l":"0044-0094","issn":["0044-0094","1939-8611"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322696530","host_organization_name":"The Yale Law Journal Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322696530"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Yale Law Journal Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Yale Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://core.ac.uk/display/160248952","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030780809","display_name":"Jack I. Garvey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76766440","display_name":"University of San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/029m7xn54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76766440"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jack I. Garvey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of San Francisco School of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of San Francisco School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76766440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030780809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76766440"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"90","issue":"1","first_page":"78","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.9214000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.9214000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12767","display_name":"Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction","score":0.04100000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13694","display_name":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","score":0.016899999231100082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-emigration","display_name":"political emigration","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-common-law","display_name":"federal common law","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/territorial-sovereignty","display_name":"territorial sovereignty","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"human rights","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-immunity","display_name":"state immunity","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-federal-courts","display_name":"United States federal courts","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-foreign-policy","display_name":"US foreign policy","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6902877688407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200635333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158970","display_name":"Tort","level":3,"score":0.6864120960235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5930590629577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.5720537900924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781319278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413080","display_name":"Alien Tort Statute","level":4,"score":0.5680620074272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776949292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471855","display_name":"Jurisdiction","level":2,"score":0.49109482765197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505815749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184244","display_name":"Delict","level":5,"score":0.4696865379810333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8705443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8009938","display_name":"Municipal law","level":3,"score":0.41342443227767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186229450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008","display_name":"Sovereignty","level":3,"score":0.41043224930763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149209484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741338","display_name":"Comparative law","level":2,"score":0.37133675813674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.362987756729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75011936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4122235","display_name":"Private law","level":3,"score":0.2035197913646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167633797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4922364","display_name":"Black letter law","level":4,"score":0.1015995442867279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/795858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/795858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/795858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161895660","display_name":"The Yale Law Journal","issn_l":"0044-0094","issn":["0044-0094","1939-8611"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322696530","host_organization_name":"The Yale Law Journal Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322696530"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Yale Law Journal Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Yale Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.law.yale.edu:ylj-6629","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylj/vol90/iss1/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Yale Law Journal","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2275459140","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://core.ac.uk/display/160248952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2275459140","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://core.ac.uk/display/160248952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237749868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2992386891","https://openalex.org/W2607015485","https://openalex.org/W7100901397","https://openalex.org/W7070111522","https://openalex.org/W4412093031","https://openalex.org/W3132506705","https://openalex.org/W3012438390","https://openalex.org/W2317700530","https://openalex.org/W4399022810","https://openalex.org/W2287046513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,84],"article":[1,85,170],"identifies":[2],"an":[3,87,125,149,217],"underground":[4,35,235],"to":[5,27,38,164,232,260],"international":[6,40,145,150,174,194,220,224,245,250],"law":[7,143,195,284],"consisting":[8],"in":[9,95,114],"part":[10],"of":[11,13,31,46,53,57,64,70,72,89,107,138,144,152,162,199,213,219,285],"harassment":[12],"and":[14,18,74,77,128,160,189,276],"even":[15],"attacks":[16],"on,":[17],"assassinations":[19],"of,":[20],"emigres":[21,93],"or":[22],"their":[23,105],"attorneys.":[24],"In":[25,247],"addition":[26],"its":[28],"clear":[29],"violation":[30],"domestic":[32,214],"laws,":[33],"this":[34,166],"operates":[36],"contrary":[37],"several":[39],"legal":[41,221,241],"norms:":[42],"the":[43,51,54,61,66,96,115,121,130,136,158,173,186,197,203,206,211,234,249,281],"fundamental":[44],"principle":[45],"territorial":[47,62],"sovereignty":[48],"that":[49,111,129,172,182,208,257,269],"restricts":[50],"reach":[52],"police":[55],"forces":[56],"one":[58],"sovereign":[59,286],"into":[60],"jurisdiction":[63],"another;":[65],"long":[67],"standing":[68],"recognition":[69],"rights":[71,82],"emigration;":[73],"recently":[75],"developed":[76],"now":[78],"widely":[79],"accepted":[80],"human":[81],"principles.":[83],"proposes":[86],"avenue":[88],"redress":[90],"for":[91,124,180,201,254],"political":[92],"residing":[94],"United":[97,116],"States":[98,117],"who":[99],"are":[100],"attacked":[101],"by":[102,191,244],"agents":[103],"from":[104],"nation":[106],"citizenship.":[108],"It":[109,155],"argues":[110],"civil":[112],"process":[113],"federal":[118,141],"courts":[119],"provides":[120,177],"greatest":[122],"promise":[123],"effective":[126],"remedy":[127,131,181,256,268],"should":[132],"be":[133,271],"provided":[134],"through":[135,185],"development":[137],"a":[139,178,230,255,267],"statute-based":[140],"common":[142,187],"tort":[146,151,167,175,225,251],"-":[147],"specifically":[148],"emigre":[153],"repression.":[154],"further":[156],"discusses":[157],"problems":[159],"practicalities":[161],"litigation":[163],"implement":[165],"remedy.":[168],"The":[169,223],"concludes":[171],"model":[176,226,252],"basis":[179],"can":[183,270],"develop":[184],"law,":[188],"yet,":[190],"relying":[192],"upon":[193],"as":[196,216,229],"source":[198],"standards":[200],"defining":[202],"delict,":[204],"avoids":[205],"parochialism":[207],"is":[209,227,258,266,278],"characteristically":[210],"failing":[212],"adjudication":[215],"instrument":[218],"order.":[222],"promising":[228],"means":[231],"constrain":[233],"system":[236],"because":[237],"it":[238,265,277],"rests":[239],"on":[240,273],"norms":[242],"supported":[243],"consensus.":[246],"addition,":[248],"allows":[253],"sensitive":[259],"foreign":[261],"policy":[262],"interests.":[263],"Finally,":[264],"based":[272],"existing":[274],"legislation,":[275],"compatible":[279],"with":[280],"present":[282],"American":[283],"immunity.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
